- Molecular- And- [ell- B io/ osj-
•he.me. 2 overview a~ e~ll Sl;ruct-.ore. and f'unct.io n
Cells I \,, lo S 1-\oolc.~ l=ur l ~ slue.lies o(
c: c ,, cl.., ct.- r l
fl1rnth, u~ ~} C. h l < I d ~ I")
1" n ~,;., c lc,1· 5Lhc,JQ()()
c. \ , ) , , ,... 1v, rd r , .-, d,,1,'.js He., ,"rt od t'.
<;,cud led u.;. \..h s,nc, II Uotu.,, cl , p , c. .:. , ·, ... a , bI 0 o cl
c.e. \I & of\ cl c: ~ II S
T h n , clo r S<..hu..o,~,\ Q b co1<. en an , mo l CH'I cl pt o nt" ce IIS ,
1..hc1t :
(D ihe cdl ,s Lhe un,c C'I C(8 (l() I ~ Cit I U,)
ti"'\ 1,V ,1"1,'.) lh 1nas
® The. c~ II re.t.lld) $ Q clu U I ,• Jc.. I ';.L< ,r, C (. u •., a d,:,L 1nc c ~ ()CI t~ c, ri cl
a bu1 lcl1 n9 blc,c_ t:. I () !:.ht C.1,,. t\":, \. ruc.L.1 c.>n ,._, I c 1- 5e& f'I, .> m!i
@ Geils f o~ m b~ ~ft.( L l IJ ~ot m a1:;1on •,1M ,l o r t. 0 Lh e. f o .- m c. t::, c- n
oF C. ('-j !> t. Cl ) S <.::.p c-n 1. o n e ou& 3t.n t r o t: i c..,, >
V, rcnOL,u ::> Lo t;~c/ t h ct c ce ll s C. Ou l CJ o n l'd c0rn l h c.m u ..; h t r <. II II s
P.udo1/:
0 5 he put , t: C(Y) "I G C ~ Ji --l / CJ e, C t I IUI CJ C e.,H ':) u . ll ,,r \ s i !:. f r c, ,y, Q
C· .?. II )
, 'Tht Ce ll tneor~
111 t Ct II thecr:j SL.a l:e:i thu t:
Cl( l
c1< t 1:. h e s .-n e1 JI , ~ " I. v ,n S t h , ,1 El s
a r 1;e C<"l l j f1 c,Y1 ()l~ • t_x.1".,1..,na t-2 \\ S
n . p.-t52nt Cl CI;'. ( r C .Yl l h -1.
Al l C.<. I I S
Cc.II si~e. ~ r01t10 s
i-e. 1c.,t 1 vt l J cJ .... . e r
Ir, CA() cl t..i l.. t: c~ Ct 11 $
<~ f ( t. c 1.- e cI
o r eu o.J v c, ,l o 'n li!.
L t.e. mp11 r e., L LJ ,-e.
ijlCl c.i l t.() 1.:
, Ce.II 0re o- t. o - v olume. r oci o
Tc-v"" I ~..,r r, O ( i' , ,-(Cl
_(h .. ,.'Jnc ~ v-,1dth , nr of :., 1 cl eS X 15 0
"'
To\.. c..l vc.,uNH..
( h«1.9ht: ., w , cJt-h ,, l tn9lh l'!.S
n..,mb.:. r c(~ b c :xes )
s __ rr..,,"- ·t.o · v<.., u ""~
,r, ... rue, u fo
( 'Jur( cit e c,r•ci
, .:. 0 O , '-"m e )
Or9on , sms mac:lt of ~mo\l C ~ \\5 hc.r $ CH) oc.J 1.. o nro9 ~ c _r, Cl/\ orjc.n,Sd>
C P ,Yl p os J d I c.ce tr ct l ls. . /ls 0 ~ / z e. ,nc , t ciSeS. r l; S 1, ..: 1~ rn e
ir)Cr e C1'.., i.: S ,Y\ u ch more rap• Ll •t, thon ;t s $ l~ r f (4 ( .? o ua . S o -nt <' e li s C, ,,; f fC c.-ne_
J, ('() 1 1, ti l; 1 0 q 10 ,, 5 oncl
H o m e o s t:. Q 6 Is
h c, n o , os -= I, ~ t. , r e.~ .:m b l •115
IC/ ?,C/ CCJ n n ,n h,~
Th t. t.~rm wc,s c c ,ntcJ I() b_:;, WOlcH ,,1
cl escr , v? d I, rH m a, n r t n O n c e. d C, , el ut r l.J~I~
c( t he bod~ UI) cl
~o,· c e II$ Lo f,._,n t CJ c·()
"' ter n a l enu, rcnm,n l:
,s 0
or C "80 n, o:-J :,1
,n t. ttna l cc ,, c,J 1t1cris "' 0 C ~ Ii
(I, (1r ()Ce r) C• r1 Ct!.
:"V"'\ a: t. n o •1 , ~ .n 5 - o ~ c... c . ·r. LI i....-
b c ... n CIO I, e.S me a l\ S cf
1Y1 a , n t. a , n s .,. t h
C I· C\1 1
s ,1· 011 'S 1i:, e th cm cc {'r--i Cl In t (11 1 t
;,.. ..,1 l,..i C , <- r c,11s
e .K t. i, n C• I
ul 1c ...-.. ';, c. e.l l ; ,c ex c h o n 9~
,, ,"'n O. ,-, t u , n
spu_, ~,c ~1,1,1c c ,u , l J
sum rri or t1
. . CI
r :I
- r
•
~
r, :·
I f : l l f
<" ' • 11
I C
•he.me. 2 overview a~ e~ll Sl;ruct-.ore. and f'unct.io n
Cells I \,, lo S 1-\oolc.~ l=ur l ~ slue.lies o(
c: c ,, cl.., ct.- r l
fl1rnth, u~ ~} C. h l < I d ~ I")
1" n ~,;., c lc,1· 5Lhc,JQ()()
c. \ , ) , , ,... 1v, rd r , .-, d,,1,'.js He., ,"rt od t'.
<;,cud led u.;. \..h s,nc, II Uotu.,, cl , p , c. .:. , ·, ... a , bI 0 o cl
c.e. \I & of\ cl c: ~ II S
T h n , clo r S<..hu..o,~,\ Q b co1<. en an , mo l CH'I cl pt o nt" ce IIS ,
1..hc1t :
(D ihe cdl ,s Lhe un,c C'I C(8 (l() I ~ Cit I U,)
ti"'\ 1,V ,1"1,'.) lh 1nas
® The. c~ II re.t.lld) $ Q clu U I ,• Jc.. I ';.L< ,r, C (. u •., a d,:,L 1nc c ~ ()CI t~ c, ri cl
a bu1 lcl1 n9 blc,c_ t:. I () !:.ht C.1,,. t\":, \. ruc.L.1 c.>n ,._, I c 1- 5e& f'I, .> m!i
@ Geils f o~ m b~ ~ft.( L l IJ ~ot m a1:;1on •,1M ,l o r t. 0 Lh e. f o .- m c. t::, c- n
oF C. ('-j !> t. Cl ) S <.::.p c-n 1. o n e ou& 3t.n t r o t: i c..,, >
V, rcnOL,u ::> Lo t;~c/ t h ct c ce ll s C. Ou l CJ o n l'd c0rn l h c.m u ..; h t r <. II II s
P.udo1/:
0 5 he put , t: C(Y) "I G C ~ Ji --l / CJ e, C t I IUI CJ C e.,H ':) u . ll ,,r \ s i !:. f r c, ,y, Q
C· .?. II )
, 'Tht Ce ll tneor~
111 t Ct II thecr:j SL.a l:e:i thu t:
Cl( l
c1< t 1:. h e s .-n e1 JI , ~ " I. v ,n S t h , ,1 El s
a r 1;e C<"l l j f1 c,Y1 ()l~ • t_x.1".,1..,na t-2 \\ S
n . p.-t52nt Cl CI;'. ( r C .Yl l h -1.
Al l C.<. I I S
Cc.II si~e. ~ r01t10 s
i-e. 1c.,t 1 vt l J cJ .... . e r
Ir, CA() cl t..i l.. t: c~ Ct 11 $
<~ f ( t. c 1.- e cI
o r eu o.J v c, ,l o 'n li!.
L t.e. mp11 r e., L LJ ,-e.
ijlCl c.i l t.() 1.:
, Ce.II 0re o- t. o - v olume. r oci o
Tc-v"" I ~..,r r, O ( i' , ,-(Cl
_(h .. ,.'Jnc ~ v-,1dth , nr of :., 1 cl eS X 15 0
"'
To\.. c..l vc.,uNH..
( h«1.9ht: ., w , cJt-h ,, l tn9lh l'!.S
n..,mb.:. r c(~ b c :xes )
s __ rr..,,"- ·t.o · v<.., u ""~
,r, ... rue, u fo
( 'Jur( cit e c,r•ci
, .:. 0 O , '-"m e )
Or9on , sms mac:lt of ~mo\l C ~ \\5 hc.r $ CH) oc.J 1.. o nro9 ~ c _r, Cl/\ orjc.n,Sd>
C P ,Yl p os J d I c.ce tr ct l ls. . /ls 0 ~ / z e. ,nc , t ciSeS. r l; S 1, ..: 1~ rn e
ir)Cr e C1'.., i.: S ,Y\ u ch more rap• Ll •t, thon ;t s $ l~ r f (4 ( .? o ua . S o -nt <' e li s C, ,,; f fC c.-ne_
J, ('() 1 1, ti l; 1 0 q 10 ,, 5 oncl
H o m e o s t:. Q 6 Is
h c, n o , os -= I, ~ t. , r e.~ .:m b l •115
IC/ ?,C/ CCJ n n ,n h,~
Th t. t.~rm wc,s c c ,ntcJ I() b_:;, WOlcH ,,1
cl escr , v? d I, rH m a, n r t n O n c e. d C, , el ut r l.J~I~
c( t he bod~ UI) cl
~o,· c e II$ Lo f,._,n t CJ c·()
"' ter n a l enu, rcnm,n l:
,s 0
or C "80 n, o:-J :,1
,n t. ttna l cc ,, c,J 1t1cris "' 0 C ~ Ii
(I, (1r ()Ce r) C• r1 Ct!.
:"V"'\ a: t. n o •1 , ~ .n 5 - o ~ c... c . ·r. LI i....-
b c ... n CIO I, e.S me a l\ S cf
1Y1 a , n t. a , n s .,. t h
C I· C\1 1
s ,1· 011 'S 1i:, e th cm cc {'r--i Cl In t (11 1 t
;,.. ..,1 l,..i C , <- r c,11s
e .K t. i, n C• I
ul 1c ...-.. ';, c. e.l l ; ,c ex c h o n 9~
,, ,"'n O. ,-, t u , n
spu_, ~,c ~1,1,1c c ,u , l J
sum rri or t1
. . CI
r :I
- r
•
~
r, :·
I f : l l f
<" ' • 11
I C
