Portage Learning A&P II: Final Exam
Question with complete solution 2023
This is a collection of cell bodies found in the peripheral nervous system. - correct
answer Ganglia
This part of the autonomic system increases digestion. - correct answer
Parasympathetic
The ventral root of a nerve contains what type of neurons? - correct answer Motor
(Efferent)
This part of a neuron conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body. - correct
answer Axon
An interneuron inside the spinal cord is part of the: - correct answer Central nervous
system
Describe the synthesis and storage of neurotransmitters. - correct answer The neuron
cell body manufactures neurotransmitters, which are stored in secretory vesicles at the
end of axon terminals.
An afferent neuron carries information: - correct answer From the peripheral to the
central nervous system
What is the location and function of Astrocytes? - correct answer Astrocytes form the
blood/brain barrier, are found in the brain, and are part of the CNS
A patient's left thumb was severed in a cooking accident and then reattached during
surgery. Would the patient be expected to regrow axons in their thumb? Why or why
not? - correct answer Yes; Peripheral nerves can regenerate the length of the axon
through axonal regeneration because of the growth of Schwann cells ahead of the axon.
Name and describe what is occurring in the neuron cell membrane in section 2 of the
diagram. Include the charge of the membrane during this phase. - correct answer
Depolarization: The sodium gates open and sodium rushes into the axon during the
depolarization phase of the action potential.
Voltage travels past zero and then on up to +40 mV.
At rest, a neuron plasma membrane is: - correct answer -70mV
Which of the following is false concerning the sodium-potassium pump? - correct
answer The overall effect is a negative charge on the outside of the membrane.
, True or false: A sensory neuron is signaling the body of a light touch. This means that
the strength of the action potential is weaker than usual. Explain your reasoning. -
correct answer False. The action potential is always the same. The frequency and
number of nuerons activated change the increase in intensity.
Which of the following statements is false concerning the neuromuscular junction? -
correct answer Ach is released from the presynaptic motor neuron to cause an action
potential in the muscle fiber.
How is a message sent from one neuron to another? - correct answer A signal travels
from the cell body through the axon and releases neurotransmitters into the synapse.
These nuerotransmitters bind with receptor that carry the message to the dendrite of the
next neuron, and the process begins again.
What neurotransmitter helps regulate emotional responses and muscle tone? - correct
answer Dopamine
In a reflex, the ____________ neuron conducts nerve impulses along a pathway
towards the central nervous system. - correct answer Sensory (afferent)
This part of a reflex is inside the CNS, made up of one or more synapses. - correct
answer The integration center
What is true about the stretch reflex? - correct answer The muscle spindle detects
stretch within the muscle.
What is true about the flexor withdrawal reflex? - correct answer It involves excitatory
interneurons.
It involves inhibitory interneurons.
Your doctor taps on your patellar tendon. List out the steps, in detail, of the nervous
pathway of the reflex he is testing. Include any sensory organs involved and the action
of the reflex. - correct answer Stretch on patellar tendon (tapping patellar tendon)
Muscle spindle detects stretch
Afferent (sensory) neuron through DRG
Spinal cord
Synapses directly on a motor neuron (efferent)
Action: To muscle fiber to contract quadriceps (kicking foot)
Botulism is a disease caused by a neurotoxin that interferes with the release of
Acetylcholine. Patients with this disease experience flaccid paralysis, or the inability to
contract their muscles. Explain why this would occur. - correct answer Acetylcholine
triggers the release of sodium ions. The sodium ions reach the sarcoplasmic reticulum,
which in turn release calcium ions that begin muscle contraction. If acetylcholine is not
able to be released, the muscle contraction would not be possible.
Question with complete solution 2023
This is a collection of cell bodies found in the peripheral nervous system. - correct
answer Ganglia
This part of the autonomic system increases digestion. - correct answer
Parasympathetic
The ventral root of a nerve contains what type of neurons? - correct answer Motor
(Efferent)
This part of a neuron conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body. - correct
answer Axon
An interneuron inside the spinal cord is part of the: - correct answer Central nervous
system
Describe the synthesis and storage of neurotransmitters. - correct answer The neuron
cell body manufactures neurotransmitters, which are stored in secretory vesicles at the
end of axon terminals.
An afferent neuron carries information: - correct answer From the peripheral to the
central nervous system
What is the location and function of Astrocytes? - correct answer Astrocytes form the
blood/brain barrier, are found in the brain, and are part of the CNS
A patient's left thumb was severed in a cooking accident and then reattached during
surgery. Would the patient be expected to regrow axons in their thumb? Why or why
not? - correct answer Yes; Peripheral nerves can regenerate the length of the axon
through axonal regeneration because of the growth of Schwann cells ahead of the axon.
Name and describe what is occurring in the neuron cell membrane in section 2 of the
diagram. Include the charge of the membrane during this phase. - correct answer
Depolarization: The sodium gates open and sodium rushes into the axon during the
depolarization phase of the action potential.
Voltage travels past zero and then on up to +40 mV.
At rest, a neuron plasma membrane is: - correct answer -70mV
Which of the following is false concerning the sodium-potassium pump? - correct
answer The overall effect is a negative charge on the outside of the membrane.
, True or false: A sensory neuron is signaling the body of a light touch. This means that
the strength of the action potential is weaker than usual. Explain your reasoning. -
correct answer False. The action potential is always the same. The frequency and
number of nuerons activated change the increase in intensity.
Which of the following statements is false concerning the neuromuscular junction? -
correct answer Ach is released from the presynaptic motor neuron to cause an action
potential in the muscle fiber.
How is a message sent from one neuron to another? - correct answer A signal travels
from the cell body through the axon and releases neurotransmitters into the synapse.
These nuerotransmitters bind with receptor that carry the message to the dendrite of the
next neuron, and the process begins again.
What neurotransmitter helps regulate emotional responses and muscle tone? - correct
answer Dopamine
In a reflex, the ____________ neuron conducts nerve impulses along a pathway
towards the central nervous system. - correct answer Sensory (afferent)
This part of a reflex is inside the CNS, made up of one or more synapses. - correct
answer The integration center
What is true about the stretch reflex? - correct answer The muscle spindle detects
stretch within the muscle.
What is true about the flexor withdrawal reflex? - correct answer It involves excitatory
interneurons.
It involves inhibitory interneurons.
Your doctor taps on your patellar tendon. List out the steps, in detail, of the nervous
pathway of the reflex he is testing. Include any sensory organs involved and the action
of the reflex. - correct answer Stretch on patellar tendon (tapping patellar tendon)
Muscle spindle detects stretch
Afferent (sensory) neuron through DRG
Spinal cord
Synapses directly on a motor neuron (efferent)
Action: To muscle fiber to contract quadriceps (kicking foot)
Botulism is a disease caused by a neurotoxin that interferes with the release of
Acetylcholine. Patients with this disease experience flaccid paralysis, or the inability to
contract their muscles. Explain why this would occur. - correct answer Acetylcholine
triggers the release of sodium ions. The sodium ions reach the sarcoplasmic reticulum,
which in turn release calcium ions that begin muscle contraction. If acetylcholine is not
able to be released, the muscle contraction would not be possible.
