NBDE Part I QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+

Fungi - Organisms that exhibit dimorphism and grow on Sabouraud's medium (low pH) Sabouraud agar - Type of agar used for most fungi? Trichophyton - Organism that causes athlete's foot (tinea pedis) Trichophyton - Which fungal infection leads to superficial skin disease? Epidermophyton & microsporum - What organisms cause dermatophytosis? Aspergillus - Alfatoxin is produced by what fungus? Intracellular parasite - Cell immunity is most important for? Cryptococcus - Which fungus causes cerebral/brain infarct? May spread into the meninges and cause Cryptococcal Meningitis Aspergillus - Causes "fungus ball" in the lungs causing pulmonary infection in people with AIDS or have undergone organ transplant Mucormycosis - Found in blood vessels (endothelium) and is often related to diabetic patients; results in black, dead tissue in the nasal cavity and blocks the blood supply to the brain Histoplasmosis - What fungus can be seen as an intracellular organism? Histoplasmosis - Disseminated fungi; yeast in macrophages, bird/bat droppings, infection via respiratory droplets - different that rest of fungi Histoplasmosis - Which pathogen causes granulomatous lesion in lungs resembling TB? Gonorrhea - Which of the following doesn't give you granulomas? -Histoplasmosis -Gonorrhea -M. tuberculosis -Tertiary syphilis Histoplasmosis - Which fungi does NOT cause a mucosal or epidermal rash? Histoplasma capsulatum - Fungi associated with avian/bird? D. Cryptococcosis - Most common cause of fungal meningitis? Mycelium (mold) or yeast - What is dimorphism in fungus? Aspergillus, blastomycosis, histoplasma, coccidioides, and cryptococcus neoformans - Fungal organisms found in the soil? Histoplasma capsulatum, blastomyces dermatitidis, coccioides immitis, sporothrix shenckii, candidas albicans - Which fungus are dimorphic? Bacterial infection - Pt has swelling of submandibular, tenderness. Pt is alcoholic. Radiographic-mass radiopaque (sialolith) - circumscribed, 1 cm X 1 cm, what is the reason for swelling? Conjugation - Best method for bacteria to replicate and transfer most genetic information? Transformation - Bacteria takes up extracellular donor DNA Transduction - Donor DNA packed into virus (bacteriophage) that infects the bacteria Conjugation - Plasmid DNA transfer Attachment and adherence to host cells - Action of the pilli in organisms pathogenicity Staph has catalase which gets rid of H2O2 - Difference between staph and strep? Histoplasmosis - Which fungi does NOT cause a mucosal or epidermal rash? Bacterial infection - Pt has swelling of submandibular, tenderness. Pt is an alcoholic. Radiographic mass radiopaque (sialolith) circumscribed, 1 cm x 1 cm, what is the reason for swelling? Conjugation - Best method for bacteria to replicate & transfer most genetic information? Transformation - Bacteria takes up extracellular donor DNA Transduction - Donor DNA packed into virus (bacteriophage) that infects the bacteria (1 step) Conjugation - Plasmid DNA transfer Attachment and adherence to host - Action of pilli in organisms pathogenicity? Staph has a catalase enzyme that gets rid of H2O2 - Difference between staph and strep? Lancefield grouping - Serotype classification determined by carb composition of cell wall (that is, describing specific carbohydrates present on the bacterial cell wall) Protein production (translation) - Streptomycin inhibits... Enterotoxin - What aspect of staph is responsible for food poisoning? Produces enzyme that breaks down penicillin, beta lactamase ring - MOA of s. aureus for drug resistance S. aureus - What bacteria causes endocarditis in IV drug users? Streptococcus viridian (alpha-hemolytic strep) - Most common type of endocarditis?