TITEL AANTAL
HOOFDSTUK
PAGINA’S
HOOFDSTUK 1 HERKENNING EN SCREENING VAN GEWELD 5
HOOFDSTUK 2 DYNAMIEKEN EN VEILIGHEIDSPLANNING BIJ PARTNERGEWELD 5
HOOFDSTUK 3 IMPACT VAN HUISELIJK GEWELD 5
HOOFDSTUK 4 GRENSWIJS: ADEQUAAT REAGEREN BIJ GRENSOVERSCHRIJDEND GEDRAG 6
HOOFDSTUK 5 ORGANISATIE VAN HULPVERLENING EN WETGEVING 7
HOOFDSTUK 6 HANDELINGSVERLEGENHEID 3
HOOFDSTUK 7 BLOOTSTELLING VAN KINDEREN AAN HUISELIJK GEWELD 5
HOOFDSTUK 8 SIGNS OF SAFETY EN VEILIGHEIDSPLANNING 5
HOOFDSTUK 9 SLACHTOFFER-DADERBEMIDDELING MODERATOR VZW 3
HOOFDSTUK 10 POLITIONELE AANPAK VAN HUISELIJK GEWELD 2
1
,HERKENNING EN SCREENING VAN GEWELD.................................................................................................... 6
1. WAT IS INTRAFAMILIAAL GEWELD? WAT IS DE PREVALENTIE?......................................................................................6
1.1 Wat is intrafamiliaal geweld?....................................................................................................................6
1.2 Vormen van IFG (6).....................................................................................................................................6
1.3 Enkele prevalentiecijfers............................................................................................................................6
2. EXPLORATIE VAN SIGNALEN MET TOEPASSING OP KINDERMISHANDELING........................................................................7
2.1 Signalenlijst................................................................................................................................................7
2.2 Voorbeeld: signalen van kindermishandeling............................................................................................7
3. VEILIGHEIDSTAXATIE EN RISICOTAXATIE....................................................................................................................8
3.1 Belang van veiligheid- en risicotaxatie (6).................................................................................................8
3.2 Beperkingen van veiligheid- en risicotaxatie (6)........................................................................................8
4. SCREENINGSINSTRUMENTEN..................................................................................................................................8
5. RISICOFACTOREN, UITLOKKENDE FACTOREN EN PROTECTIEVE FACTOREN.........................................................................8
5.1 Protectieve factoren...................................................................................................................................8
5.2 Risicomanagement.....................................................................................................................................9
5.3 Implementatie in GGZ: kindreflex..............................................................................................................9
5.4 Risicofactoren voor daderschap (5)..........................................................................................................10
5.5 Uitlokkende factoren (4)..........................................................................................................................10
DYNAMIEKEN EN VEILIGHEIDSPLANNING BIJ PARTNERGEWELD...................................................................11
1. OMKADERING PARTNERGEWELD...........................................................................................................................11
1.1 Wat is partnergeweld?.............................................................................................................................11
1.2 Juridische visie..........................................................................................................................................11
1.3 Cijfers........................................................................................................................................................11
2. TYPOLOGIEËN...................................................................................................................................................11
2.1 Typologie van daders...............................................................................................................................11
2.2 Typologie van partners (2).......................................................................................................................12
2.3 Vormen van partnergeweld (5)................................................................................................................13
2.4 Mogelijke signalen van emotioneel geweld.............................................................................................13
3. DE GEWELDCYCLUS............................................................................................................................................13
3.1 Cyclisch verloop van partnergeweld........................................................................................................13
3.2 Doorbreken van de cyclus........................................................................................................................14
4. VEILIGHEIDSPLAN..............................................................................................................................................14
4.1 Algemene principes van veiligheidsplanning bij IFG (8)...........................................................................14
4.2 Time-out...................................................................................................................................................14
4.3 Psycho-educatie.......................................................................................................................................15
4.4 Reddingsplan............................................................................................................................................15
IMPACT VAN HUISELIJK GEWELD: CHRONISCHE STRESS, NEUROBIOLOGISCHE GEVOLGEN EN
TRAUMABEHANDELING............................................................................................................................... 16
1. VROEGKINDERLIJKE CHRONISCHE TRAUMATISATIE....................................................................................................16
2. NEUROBIOLOGISCHE IMPACT BIJ KINDEREN.............................................................................................................16
2.1 Het tolerantieraam...................................................................................................................................17
2.2 Conclusies (5)............................................................................................................................................17
3. VEILIGE EN ONVEILIGE HECHTING: VERSCHILLENDE STIJLEN.........................................................................................17
3.1 Bouwstenen van hechting........................................................................................................................17
3.2 Veilige hechting (60%)..............................................................................................................................18
3.3 Angstig-ambivalente hechting.................................................................................................................18
3.4 Angstig-vermijdende hechting.................................................................................................................18
3.5 Gedesorganiseerde hechting....................................................................................................................19
3.6 Verband tussen hechting en window of tolerance...................................................................................19
4. BEHANDELING VAN (CHRONISCH) TRAUMA BIJ KINDEREN EN JONGEREN.......................................................................19
2
, 4.1 Neurosequentieel Model van Therapie (NMT).........................................................................................19
4.2 Stabilisatie bij chronische traumatisatie..................................................................................................20
4.3 Speltherapie en creatieve therapie..........................................................................................................20
4.4 Lichaamsgerichte interventies.................................................................................................................20
GRENSWIJS: ADEQUAAT REAGEREN BIJ GRENSOVERSCHRIJDEND GEDRAG...................................................21
1. WAT IS GRENSOVERSCHRIJDEND GEDRAG?.............................................................................................................21
1.1 Welk gedrag is grensoverschrijdend?......................................................................................................21
1.2 Definitie geweld in het kinderrechtenverdrag.........................................................................................21
1.3 Typologie van geweld tegen kinderen.....................................................................................................21
1.4 Prevalentie van geweld tegen kinderen...................................................................................................21
2. HET GRENSWIJSSYSTEEM....................................................................................................................................22
2.1 Niet elke situatie van GG is gelijk.............................................................................................................22
2.2 Grenswijssysteem.....................................................................................................................................22
2.2.1 Situatie aftoetsen aan zes criteria.....................................................................................................................22
A. Individuele toestemming – maatschappelijk akkoord......................................................................................22
B. Vrijwilligheid.....................................................................................................................................................23
C. Gelijkwaardigheid.............................................................................................................................................23
D. Ontwikkelings- of functioneringsniveau...........................................................................................................23
E. Aangepast aan context......................................................................................................................................23
F. Impact............................................................................................................................................................... 23
2.2.2 Vlag toekennen.................................................................................................................................................24
A. Genuanceerd oordelen.....................................................................................................................................24
B. Toekennen van een vlag...................................................................................................................................24
3. HOE REAGEREN OP GRENSOVERSCHRIJDEND GEDRAG?..............................................................................................25
3.1 Reageren bij een groene vlag...................................................................................................................25
3.2 Reageren bij een gele vlag.......................................................................................................................25
3.2.1 De 5 A’s van SENSOA........................................................................................................................................25
3.3 Reageren bij een rode vlag.......................................................................................................................25
3.4 Reageren bij een zwarte vlag...................................................................................................................26
ORGANISATIE VAN HULPVERLENING EN WETGEVING...................................................................................27
1. WAAROVER GAAT HET?......................................................................................................................................27
1.1 Begrippen: vormen van geweld...............................................................................................................27
1.2 Kaders: justitie en hulpverlening..............................................................................................................27
2. WAAROM TUSSENKOMEN?.................................................................................................................................27
2.1 Kinderen in ontwikkeling..........................................................................................................................27
2.2 Ernst van de schade..................................................................................................................................27
2.3 Factoren die schade beperken (5)............................................................................................................28
3. HOE TUSSENKOMEN?.........................................................................................................................................28
3.1 Organisatie van hulpverlening.................................................................................................................28
3.1.1 Ordenen van signalen.......................................................................................................................................28
3.1.2 Vrijwillige hulp..................................................................................................................................................28
A. Meldpunt 1712.................................................................................................................................................28
B. CAW.................................................................................................................................................................. 29
C. CGG................................................................................................................................................................... 29
D. Diensten opvoedingsondersteuning.................................................................................................................29
E. Eerstelijnshulpverlening....................................................................................................................................29
F. Diensten integrale hulpverlening......................................................................................................................29
G. Ketenaanpak.....................................................................................................................................................30
H. Family Justice Center........................................................................................................................................30
3.1.3 Gemandateerde voorzieningen........................................................................................................................30
A. Algemeen......................................................................................................................................................... 30
B. Vertrouwenscentrum Kindermishandeling (VK)...............................................................................................30
C. Ondersteuningscentrum Jeugdzorg (OCJ).........................................................................................................30
D. Procedure maatschappelijke noodzaak (MANO)..............................................................................................31
3
, E. Hoogdringendheid............................................................................................................................................31
3.1.4 Multidisciplinaire samenwerking......................................................................................................................31
A. Domeinoverstijgende aanpak...........................................................................................................................31
3.1.5 Van vrijwillige naar gedwongen hulpverlening.................................................................................................32
3.2 Wetgeving: beroepsgeheim.....................................................................................................................32
3.2.1 Zwijgplicht........................................................................................................................................................ 32
A. Zwijgplicht, tenzij …..........................................................................................................................................33
3.2.2 Spreekplicht......................................................................................................................................................33
A. Wat is een noodtoestand? (3)..........................................................................................................................33
3.2.3 Spreekrecht......................................................................................................................................................33
HANDELINGSVERLEGENHEID........................................................................................................................ 34
1. DEFINITIE........................................................................................................................................................34
2. OORZAKEN VAN HANDELINGSVERLEGENHEID (3).....................................................................................................34
2.1 Cliëntgebonden factoren (7)....................................................................................................................34
2.2 Professionele factoren..............................................................................................................................34
2.3 Non-specifieke factoren (4)......................................................................................................................34
2.4 Illustratie: bevraging WAUMANS Matthijs 2018 – onderwijs..................................................................35
3. VAN HANDELINGSVERLEGEN NAAR HANDELINGSBEKWAAM........................................................................................35
4. GROEIEN IN HANDELINGSBEKWAAMHEID: INDIVIDUEEL EN TEAMNIVEAU......................................................................36
BLOOTSTELLING VAN KINDEREN AAN HUISELIJK GEWELD.............................................................................37
1. PREVALENTIE, VORMEN EN GEVOLGEN..................................................................................................................37
1.1 Prevalentie (niet te kennen).....................................................................................................................37
1.2 Vormen.....................................................................................................................................................37
1.2.1 Prenatale blootstelling......................................................................................................................................38
1.2.2 Vechtscheiding.................................................................................................................................................38
1.3 Gevolgen...................................................................................................................................................38
1.3.1 Gevolgen van alle vormen van blootstelling.....................................................................................................38
1.3.2 Wat met de overdrachtshypothese?................................................................................................................38
1.3.3 Parentificatie....................................................................................................................................................39
1.3.4 Jeugdrechtbank................................................................................................................................................39
1.3.5 Denken en voelen van kinderen betrokken bij partnergeweld.........................................................................39
2. ASSESSMENT....................................................................................................................................................39
2.1 Verschillende onderdelen.........................................................................................................................39
2.2 Beleving van het kind zelf: belevingsonderzoek, individueel gesprek......................................................39
3. IMPLICATIES VOOR HULPVERLENING......................................................................................................................40
3.1 Werkzame factoren (4)............................................................................................................................40
3.2 MOVE: Mothers Overcoming Violence Through Education and Empowerment.....................................40
3.3 Let op de kleintjes.....................................................................................................................................40
3.3.1 Methodieken....................................................................................................................................................41
3.4 Als muren kunnen praten.........................................................................................................................41
3.5 Preventie..................................................................................................................................................41
SIGNS OF SAFETY EN VEILIGHEIDSPLANNING................................................................................................42
1. VOORSTELLING VAN DE SOCIALE DIENST JEUGDRECHTBANK IN ANTWERPEN.................................................................42
1.1 Doel..........................................................................................................................................................42
1.2 Voor wie?..................................................................................................................................................42
1.3 Situering...................................................................................................................................................42
1.4 Praktisch...................................................................................................................................................42
1.5 Werking....................................................................................................................................................43
2. SIGNS OF SAFETY – FAMILY FINDING....................................................................................................................43
2.1 Infoverzameling en analyse......................................................................................................................43
3. CASUS WOUTER...............................................................................................................................................44
3.1 Framework...............................................................................................................................................44
4
HOOFDSTUK
PAGINA’S
HOOFDSTUK 1 HERKENNING EN SCREENING VAN GEWELD 5
HOOFDSTUK 2 DYNAMIEKEN EN VEILIGHEIDSPLANNING BIJ PARTNERGEWELD 5
HOOFDSTUK 3 IMPACT VAN HUISELIJK GEWELD 5
HOOFDSTUK 4 GRENSWIJS: ADEQUAAT REAGEREN BIJ GRENSOVERSCHRIJDEND GEDRAG 6
HOOFDSTUK 5 ORGANISATIE VAN HULPVERLENING EN WETGEVING 7
HOOFDSTUK 6 HANDELINGSVERLEGENHEID 3
HOOFDSTUK 7 BLOOTSTELLING VAN KINDEREN AAN HUISELIJK GEWELD 5
HOOFDSTUK 8 SIGNS OF SAFETY EN VEILIGHEIDSPLANNING 5
HOOFDSTUK 9 SLACHTOFFER-DADERBEMIDDELING MODERATOR VZW 3
HOOFDSTUK 10 POLITIONELE AANPAK VAN HUISELIJK GEWELD 2
1
,HERKENNING EN SCREENING VAN GEWELD.................................................................................................... 6
1. WAT IS INTRAFAMILIAAL GEWELD? WAT IS DE PREVALENTIE?......................................................................................6
1.1 Wat is intrafamiliaal geweld?....................................................................................................................6
1.2 Vormen van IFG (6).....................................................................................................................................6
1.3 Enkele prevalentiecijfers............................................................................................................................6
2. EXPLORATIE VAN SIGNALEN MET TOEPASSING OP KINDERMISHANDELING........................................................................7
2.1 Signalenlijst................................................................................................................................................7
2.2 Voorbeeld: signalen van kindermishandeling............................................................................................7
3. VEILIGHEIDSTAXATIE EN RISICOTAXATIE....................................................................................................................8
3.1 Belang van veiligheid- en risicotaxatie (6).................................................................................................8
3.2 Beperkingen van veiligheid- en risicotaxatie (6)........................................................................................8
4. SCREENINGSINSTRUMENTEN..................................................................................................................................8
5. RISICOFACTOREN, UITLOKKENDE FACTOREN EN PROTECTIEVE FACTOREN.........................................................................8
5.1 Protectieve factoren...................................................................................................................................8
5.2 Risicomanagement.....................................................................................................................................9
5.3 Implementatie in GGZ: kindreflex..............................................................................................................9
5.4 Risicofactoren voor daderschap (5)..........................................................................................................10
5.5 Uitlokkende factoren (4)..........................................................................................................................10
DYNAMIEKEN EN VEILIGHEIDSPLANNING BIJ PARTNERGEWELD...................................................................11
1. OMKADERING PARTNERGEWELD...........................................................................................................................11
1.1 Wat is partnergeweld?.............................................................................................................................11
1.2 Juridische visie..........................................................................................................................................11
1.3 Cijfers........................................................................................................................................................11
2. TYPOLOGIEËN...................................................................................................................................................11
2.1 Typologie van daders...............................................................................................................................11
2.2 Typologie van partners (2).......................................................................................................................12
2.3 Vormen van partnergeweld (5)................................................................................................................13
2.4 Mogelijke signalen van emotioneel geweld.............................................................................................13
3. DE GEWELDCYCLUS............................................................................................................................................13
3.1 Cyclisch verloop van partnergeweld........................................................................................................13
3.2 Doorbreken van de cyclus........................................................................................................................14
4. VEILIGHEIDSPLAN..............................................................................................................................................14
4.1 Algemene principes van veiligheidsplanning bij IFG (8)...........................................................................14
4.2 Time-out...................................................................................................................................................14
4.3 Psycho-educatie.......................................................................................................................................15
4.4 Reddingsplan............................................................................................................................................15
IMPACT VAN HUISELIJK GEWELD: CHRONISCHE STRESS, NEUROBIOLOGISCHE GEVOLGEN EN
TRAUMABEHANDELING............................................................................................................................... 16
1. VROEGKINDERLIJKE CHRONISCHE TRAUMATISATIE....................................................................................................16
2. NEUROBIOLOGISCHE IMPACT BIJ KINDEREN.............................................................................................................16
2.1 Het tolerantieraam...................................................................................................................................17
2.2 Conclusies (5)............................................................................................................................................17
3. VEILIGE EN ONVEILIGE HECHTING: VERSCHILLENDE STIJLEN.........................................................................................17
3.1 Bouwstenen van hechting........................................................................................................................17
3.2 Veilige hechting (60%)..............................................................................................................................18
3.3 Angstig-ambivalente hechting.................................................................................................................18
3.4 Angstig-vermijdende hechting.................................................................................................................18
3.5 Gedesorganiseerde hechting....................................................................................................................19
3.6 Verband tussen hechting en window of tolerance...................................................................................19
4. BEHANDELING VAN (CHRONISCH) TRAUMA BIJ KINDEREN EN JONGEREN.......................................................................19
2
, 4.1 Neurosequentieel Model van Therapie (NMT).........................................................................................19
4.2 Stabilisatie bij chronische traumatisatie..................................................................................................20
4.3 Speltherapie en creatieve therapie..........................................................................................................20
4.4 Lichaamsgerichte interventies.................................................................................................................20
GRENSWIJS: ADEQUAAT REAGEREN BIJ GRENSOVERSCHRIJDEND GEDRAG...................................................21
1. WAT IS GRENSOVERSCHRIJDEND GEDRAG?.............................................................................................................21
1.1 Welk gedrag is grensoverschrijdend?......................................................................................................21
1.2 Definitie geweld in het kinderrechtenverdrag.........................................................................................21
1.3 Typologie van geweld tegen kinderen.....................................................................................................21
1.4 Prevalentie van geweld tegen kinderen...................................................................................................21
2. HET GRENSWIJSSYSTEEM....................................................................................................................................22
2.1 Niet elke situatie van GG is gelijk.............................................................................................................22
2.2 Grenswijssysteem.....................................................................................................................................22
2.2.1 Situatie aftoetsen aan zes criteria.....................................................................................................................22
A. Individuele toestemming – maatschappelijk akkoord......................................................................................22
B. Vrijwilligheid.....................................................................................................................................................23
C. Gelijkwaardigheid.............................................................................................................................................23
D. Ontwikkelings- of functioneringsniveau...........................................................................................................23
E. Aangepast aan context......................................................................................................................................23
F. Impact............................................................................................................................................................... 23
2.2.2 Vlag toekennen.................................................................................................................................................24
A. Genuanceerd oordelen.....................................................................................................................................24
B. Toekennen van een vlag...................................................................................................................................24
3. HOE REAGEREN OP GRENSOVERSCHRIJDEND GEDRAG?..............................................................................................25
3.1 Reageren bij een groene vlag...................................................................................................................25
3.2 Reageren bij een gele vlag.......................................................................................................................25
3.2.1 De 5 A’s van SENSOA........................................................................................................................................25
3.3 Reageren bij een rode vlag.......................................................................................................................25
3.4 Reageren bij een zwarte vlag...................................................................................................................26
ORGANISATIE VAN HULPVERLENING EN WETGEVING...................................................................................27
1. WAAROVER GAAT HET?......................................................................................................................................27
1.1 Begrippen: vormen van geweld...............................................................................................................27
1.2 Kaders: justitie en hulpverlening..............................................................................................................27
2. WAAROM TUSSENKOMEN?.................................................................................................................................27
2.1 Kinderen in ontwikkeling..........................................................................................................................27
2.2 Ernst van de schade..................................................................................................................................27
2.3 Factoren die schade beperken (5)............................................................................................................28
3. HOE TUSSENKOMEN?.........................................................................................................................................28
3.1 Organisatie van hulpverlening.................................................................................................................28
3.1.1 Ordenen van signalen.......................................................................................................................................28
3.1.2 Vrijwillige hulp..................................................................................................................................................28
A. Meldpunt 1712.................................................................................................................................................28
B. CAW.................................................................................................................................................................. 29
C. CGG................................................................................................................................................................... 29
D. Diensten opvoedingsondersteuning.................................................................................................................29
E. Eerstelijnshulpverlening....................................................................................................................................29
F. Diensten integrale hulpverlening......................................................................................................................29
G. Ketenaanpak.....................................................................................................................................................30
H. Family Justice Center........................................................................................................................................30
3.1.3 Gemandateerde voorzieningen........................................................................................................................30
A. Algemeen......................................................................................................................................................... 30
B. Vertrouwenscentrum Kindermishandeling (VK)...............................................................................................30
C. Ondersteuningscentrum Jeugdzorg (OCJ).........................................................................................................30
D. Procedure maatschappelijke noodzaak (MANO)..............................................................................................31
3
, E. Hoogdringendheid............................................................................................................................................31
3.1.4 Multidisciplinaire samenwerking......................................................................................................................31
A. Domeinoverstijgende aanpak...........................................................................................................................31
3.1.5 Van vrijwillige naar gedwongen hulpverlening.................................................................................................32
3.2 Wetgeving: beroepsgeheim.....................................................................................................................32
3.2.1 Zwijgplicht........................................................................................................................................................ 32
A. Zwijgplicht, tenzij …..........................................................................................................................................33
3.2.2 Spreekplicht......................................................................................................................................................33
A. Wat is een noodtoestand? (3)..........................................................................................................................33
3.2.3 Spreekrecht......................................................................................................................................................33
HANDELINGSVERLEGENHEID........................................................................................................................ 34
1. DEFINITIE........................................................................................................................................................34
2. OORZAKEN VAN HANDELINGSVERLEGENHEID (3).....................................................................................................34
2.1 Cliëntgebonden factoren (7)....................................................................................................................34
2.2 Professionele factoren..............................................................................................................................34
2.3 Non-specifieke factoren (4)......................................................................................................................34
2.4 Illustratie: bevraging WAUMANS Matthijs 2018 – onderwijs..................................................................35
3. VAN HANDELINGSVERLEGEN NAAR HANDELINGSBEKWAAM........................................................................................35
4. GROEIEN IN HANDELINGSBEKWAAMHEID: INDIVIDUEEL EN TEAMNIVEAU......................................................................36
BLOOTSTELLING VAN KINDEREN AAN HUISELIJK GEWELD.............................................................................37
1. PREVALENTIE, VORMEN EN GEVOLGEN..................................................................................................................37
1.1 Prevalentie (niet te kennen).....................................................................................................................37
1.2 Vormen.....................................................................................................................................................37
1.2.1 Prenatale blootstelling......................................................................................................................................38
1.2.2 Vechtscheiding.................................................................................................................................................38
1.3 Gevolgen...................................................................................................................................................38
1.3.1 Gevolgen van alle vormen van blootstelling.....................................................................................................38
1.3.2 Wat met de overdrachtshypothese?................................................................................................................38
1.3.3 Parentificatie....................................................................................................................................................39
1.3.4 Jeugdrechtbank................................................................................................................................................39
1.3.5 Denken en voelen van kinderen betrokken bij partnergeweld.........................................................................39
2. ASSESSMENT....................................................................................................................................................39
2.1 Verschillende onderdelen.........................................................................................................................39
2.2 Beleving van het kind zelf: belevingsonderzoek, individueel gesprek......................................................39
3. IMPLICATIES VOOR HULPVERLENING......................................................................................................................40
3.1 Werkzame factoren (4)............................................................................................................................40
3.2 MOVE: Mothers Overcoming Violence Through Education and Empowerment.....................................40
3.3 Let op de kleintjes.....................................................................................................................................40
3.3.1 Methodieken....................................................................................................................................................41
3.4 Als muren kunnen praten.........................................................................................................................41
3.5 Preventie..................................................................................................................................................41
SIGNS OF SAFETY EN VEILIGHEIDSPLANNING................................................................................................42
1. VOORSTELLING VAN DE SOCIALE DIENST JEUGDRECHTBANK IN ANTWERPEN.................................................................42
1.1 Doel..........................................................................................................................................................42
1.2 Voor wie?..................................................................................................................................................42
1.3 Situering...................................................................................................................................................42
1.4 Praktisch...................................................................................................................................................42
1.5 Werking....................................................................................................................................................43
2. SIGNS OF SAFETY – FAMILY FINDING....................................................................................................................43
2.1 Infoverzameling en analyse......................................................................................................................43
3. CASUS WOUTER...............................................................................................................................................44
3.1 Framework...............................................................................................................................................44
4
