HOSA Forensic Science Already Passed

HOSA Forensic Science Already Passed Who helped advance fingerprint, firearms, and hair analysis? Victor Balthazard Who was credited with developing a probablility model that showed fingerprints are unique (10^60 chance of 2 people having same patterns)? Victor Balthazard Who developed an advanced photographic method of comparing markings on bullets? Victor Balthazard What is the identification of suspects using 11 body measurements? Anthropometry/bertillonage Who created anthropometry? Alphonse Bertillon When was anthropometry popular? s Who was the first forensic scientist that used fingerprints to solve a case? Alphonse Bertillon Who was the cousin of Charles Darwin? Sir Francis Galton Who developed the first classification for fingerprints? Sir Francis Galton What is used to describe one of the features found in fingerprints in the US? Galton Ridge Who is credited with establishing examination of firearms evidence in US? Galvin Goddard Who coined the term of "criminalistics"? Hans Gross What does criminalistics refer to? The forensic analysis of physical evidence Who wrote Kriminologie? Hans Gross What is Locard's exchange principle? Every contact leaves a trace Who created Locard's exchange principle? Edmond Locard Who is the founder of forensic toxicology? Mathieu Orfila Who spent a good deal of their time studying poison? Mathieu Orfila What poison did Mathieu Orfila spend the most time studying? Arsenic What is the adversarial system? Two positions arguing for acceptance What is a judge and jury also called? Finder of fact/trier of truth What is the scientific method? Data based and founded on concepts taken collectively through a series of steps What is the first step of the scientific method? Formulate hypothesis What is the second step of the scientific method? Test hypothesis using observation or experimentation What is the third step of the scientific method? Based on results, revise hypothesis and repeat previous steps What is the fourth step of the scientific method? Continue until the data is in agreement with hypothesis What is the first thing a forensic scientist should do? Distinguish evidence from coincidence What is the second thing a forensic scientist should do? Rank alternative results based on the basic principles in applied sciences What is the third thing a forensic scientist should do? Allow for certainty and probabilistic considerations wherever appropriate through this ranking What is the fourth thing a forensic scientist should do? Disallow hypotheses more extraordinary than facts What is the fifth thing a forensic scientist should do? Pursue specific details What is the sixth thing a forensic scientist should do? Pursue testing by addressing smallest logical component of the hypothesis one at a time What are the opinions of Charles Sander Pierce? Contrite Fallibilism What is contrite fallibilism? The awareness of how much we do not know and the humility to acknowledge the possibility of making mistakes Who normally works as private consultants? Forensic anthropologists/engineers What are public laboratories? Laboratories funded by governments What are private laboratories? Businesses designed to make a profit What do most private laboratories specialize in? DNA and forensic toxicology What is the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner tasked with? Death investigations and houses laboratories associated with performing autopsies What will the office of the Chief Medical Examiner also have? Toxicology laboratories to analyze postmortem samples What do full-service laboratories cover? DNA, drug analysis, firearms and toolmarks, trace evidence, fingerprints What is an example of a full-service laboratory? FBI Laboratory in Quantico, Virginia What is a small branch laboratory? Laboratory that focuses on one type of evidence What are the jobs of a forensic scientist that is also a police officer? Respond to crime scenes, process and collect evidence, deliver evidence for further testing What is accreditation? A laboratory that agrees to work according to professional standards and proves that it can and does operate this way What does accreditation also require? Re-accreditation on a set schedule What is certification? A forensic scientist that has completed a written test covering their discipline What board covers the most diverse set of forensic disciplines? American Board of Criminalistics How does certification begin? Passing a multiple-choice test What can you do after certification? To be further certified in a specialty area What does this level of certification require? A successful completion of yearly proficiency tests