DSST-Psychology Lifespan Development Final Exam (2023)

DSST-Psychology Lifespan Development Final Exam (2023) What are primary sex characteristics? - ANS-internal and external genitalia directly associated with reproduction What are the primary sex characteristics in females? - ANS--Maturation of eggs in ovaries -Increase in volume and maturity of fallopian tubes, lining of uterus, and cervix -Growth of external sex organs -Menarche: first menstrual period What are the primary sex characteristics in males? - ANS--Lengthening of penis -Internal growth of testes -Begin to produce mature sperm: spermatogenesis -Spermache: first ejaculation of sperm What are secondary sex characteristics? - ANS-associated with sex hormones, but not reproduction What are the secondary sex characteristics in both sexes? - ANS--Changes in hair growth (especially pubic area and underarms) -Changes in muscle to fat ratio -Skin becomes rougher and oilier What are the secondary sex characteristics in males? - ANS--increase in muscle tissue -larger larynx leads to deeper voice What are the secondary sex characteristics in females? - ANS--increase in fat tissue -breasts, areoles, and nipples enlarge In regards to puberty, what is an early maturer? - ANS-Early maturers develop faster than average What is a late maturer? - ANS-A late maturer develops more slowly than average. What are the psychological effects on early maturing girls? - ANS-Compared to late or on-time, early maturing girls are at a greater risk for -Low self-esteem -Poorer body image -Higher rates of sexual promiscuity, depression, smoking and drinking What are the psychological effects on early maturing boys? - ANS-Inconsistent findings for boys. Early maturing boys tend to internalize distress and hostile feelings Why do these psychosocial effects occur? - ANS-Such psychosocial effects may result form a physical, cognitive and emotional mismatch What is Piaget's fourth stage of cognitive development? - ANS-Formal operational stage What does the formal operational stage consist of? - ANS-Adolescents and nearadolescents begin to think abstractly and to use hypothetical-deductive reasoning What is abstract reasoning? - ANS-Ability to think about possible situations, ideas, and objects that are not immediately present or obvious What is hypothetical thinking?..