AP Chemistry | Unit 3 Progress Check: MCQ: 2023.
(two diagrams shown above) Which particle diagram shown above best
represents the strongest intermolecular force between two ethanol, C2H6O,
molecules?
C) Diagram 2, because it shows the formation of a hydrogen bond between an H atom
bonded to an O atom with an O atom from another molecule.
(Li+, Mg2+, Na+, and Ca2+ cations shown above) The diagram above represents
four cations, all shown to the same scale. Which cation would be predicted by
Coulomb's law to have the strongest ion-dipole attraction to water, and why?
B) Mg2+, because it has the largest charge-to-size ratio.
A solid compound of a group 1 (alkali) metal and a group 17 (halogen) element
dissolves in water. The diagram above represents one type of solute particle
present in the solution. Which of the following identifies the solute particle and
best helps explain how the solute particle interacts with water molecules?
C) The particle is a positive ion, and the interactions are ion-dipole attractions.
The diagrams above represent two allotropes of solid phosphorus. Which of the
following correctly identifies the allotrope with the higher melting point and
explains why?
B) Allotrope II, because it has covalent bonds between the phosphorous atoms that are
stronger than the dispersion forces between the P4 molecules in allotrope I.
The crystal structure of NaBr is represented in the diagram above. Which
statement correctly compares crystalline NaBr(s) to molten NaBr(l) in terms of
electrical conductivity?
D) Crystalline NaBr contains no freely moving electrons to conduct electricity, but
molten NaBr is composed of freely moving Na+ and Br− ions, which allows it to be a
good conductor of electricity.
The structures of two allotropes of carbon are represented above. Which of the
following statements best helps explain why diamond is much harder than
graphite?
C) Carbon atoms in diamond have four covalent bonds, whereas graphite is made of
layers that are held together by relatively weak dispersion forces.
A gaseous air-fuel mixture in a sealed car engine cylinder has an initial volume of
600.mL at 1.0atm. To prepare for ignition of the fuel, a piston moves within the
cylinder, reducing the volume of the air-fuel mixture to 50.mL at constant
temperature. Assuming ideal behavior, what is the new pressure of the air-fuel
mixture?
B) About 12atm, because the volume of the gas mixture decreased by a factor of 12.
At 10.°C, 20.g of oxygen gas exerts a pressure of 2.1atm in a rigid, 7.0L cylinder.
Assuming ideal behavior, if the temperature of the gas was raised to 40.°C, which
statement indicates the new pressure and explains why?
B) 2.3atm, because the pressure P increases by the proportion 313/283.
Two sealed, rigid 5.0L containers each contain a gas at the same temperature but
at a different pressure, as shown above. Also shown are the results of
transferring the entire contents of container 1 to container 2. No gases escape
(two diagrams shown above) Which particle diagram shown above best
represents the strongest intermolecular force between two ethanol, C2H6O,
molecules?
C) Diagram 2, because it shows the formation of a hydrogen bond between an H atom
bonded to an O atom with an O atom from another molecule.
(Li+, Mg2+, Na+, and Ca2+ cations shown above) The diagram above represents
four cations, all shown to the same scale. Which cation would be predicted by
Coulomb's law to have the strongest ion-dipole attraction to water, and why?
B) Mg2+, because it has the largest charge-to-size ratio.
A solid compound of a group 1 (alkali) metal and a group 17 (halogen) element
dissolves in water. The diagram above represents one type of solute particle
present in the solution. Which of the following identifies the solute particle and
best helps explain how the solute particle interacts with water molecules?
C) The particle is a positive ion, and the interactions are ion-dipole attractions.
The diagrams above represent two allotropes of solid phosphorus. Which of the
following correctly identifies the allotrope with the higher melting point and
explains why?
B) Allotrope II, because it has covalent bonds between the phosphorous atoms that are
stronger than the dispersion forces between the P4 molecules in allotrope I.
The crystal structure of NaBr is represented in the diagram above. Which
statement correctly compares crystalline NaBr(s) to molten NaBr(l) in terms of
electrical conductivity?
D) Crystalline NaBr contains no freely moving electrons to conduct electricity, but
molten NaBr is composed of freely moving Na+ and Br− ions, which allows it to be a
good conductor of electricity.
The structures of two allotropes of carbon are represented above. Which of the
following statements best helps explain why diamond is much harder than
graphite?
C) Carbon atoms in diamond have four covalent bonds, whereas graphite is made of
layers that are held together by relatively weak dispersion forces.
A gaseous air-fuel mixture in a sealed car engine cylinder has an initial volume of
600.mL at 1.0atm. To prepare for ignition of the fuel, a piston moves within the
cylinder, reducing the volume of the air-fuel mixture to 50.mL at constant
temperature. Assuming ideal behavior, what is the new pressure of the air-fuel
mixture?
B) About 12atm, because the volume of the gas mixture decreased by a factor of 12.
At 10.°C, 20.g of oxygen gas exerts a pressure of 2.1atm in a rigid, 7.0L cylinder.
Assuming ideal behavior, if the temperature of the gas was raised to 40.°C, which
statement indicates the new pressure and explains why?
B) 2.3atm, because the pressure P increases by the proportion 313/283.
Two sealed, rigid 5.0L containers each contain a gas at the same temperature but
at a different pressure, as shown above. Also shown are the results of
transferring the entire contents of container 1 to container 2. No gases escape
