ONS Chemotherapy Immunotherapy Certificate 2023 With complete solution / 100% solved correct answers

1. 3 major phases of cell division:: Interphase Mitotic phase Cytokinesis 2. 3 steps of interphase:: First growth phase (G1) Synthesis phase (S phase) Second growth phase (G2) 3. 4 phases of mitosis:: Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase 4. Innate immunity:: Non-specific response, either: 1. Barrier (skin, mucous membranes, flora of skin/gut) 2. Cellular components (phagocytes, natural killer cells, granulocytes, macrophages) 5. Adaptive immunity:: Follows innate immunity if unsuccessful. Memory immu- nity, including: 1. Humoral immunity (production of antibodies or immunoglobulins) 2. Cell mediated immunity (dependent upon T cells) 3. Regulatory T -cells (prevent autoimmune reactions and limit inflammatory re- sponses) 6. Define mutations: Variations in the nucleotide sequence of a gene 7. 3 main goals of treatment:: Cure Control Palliation 8. Define neoadjuvant therapy: Treatment is given prior to surgery to shrink the tumor 9. Define adjuvant therapy: Additional cancer treatment given after the primary treatment to lower the risk that the cancer reoccur 10. Define conditioning/preparative therapy: Treatments used to prepare a pa- tient for stem cell transplantation 11. 2 types of conditioning therapies:: Myeloablative Nonmyeloablative 12. Define dose density: Drug dose per unit of time 13. Define dose intensity: Amount of drug delivered over time 14. How is relative dose intensity (RDI) calculated?: By comparing the dose that the patient ACTUALLY received to the planned dose of the standard regimen 15. How do alkylating agents work?: By causing a break in the DNA helix strand, interfering with DNA replication and causing cell death 16. 3 subcategories of alkylating agents:: 1. Nitrogen mustards 2. Platinum-based agents (do not possess an alkyl group but still termed alkylating agents as they work similarly) 3. Nitrosoureas 17. Most common subcategory of alkylating agents:: Nitrogen mustards 18. Common alkylating agents:: Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) Ifosfamide (Ifex) Bendamustine (Treanda) 19. Common platinum-based agents:: Cisplatin (Platinol) Carboplatin (Paraplatin) 20. What is unique about nitrosoureas agents?: Able to cross the blood-brain barrier; can be effective in treating some brain tumors 21. Common nitrosoureas agents:: Carmustine (BiCNU) Lomustine (CeeNu) Streptozocin (Zanosar) 22. Hypersensitivity can occur with late doses of:: Carboplatin 23. These agents are typically categorized as highly emetogenic:: 1. Alkylat- ing agents 2. Nitrosoureas 24. Pre-administration labs for alkylating agents and nitrosoureas:: BUN Creatinine CBC w/ diff 25. What is the medication Mesna used for?: Bladder protectant with adminis- tration of cyclophosphamide or ifosfamide 26. Instruct pts receiving to avoid exposure to cold air and con- suming cold fluids for 3-4 days following treatment: Oxaliplatin 27. How do antimetabolites function?: By blocking DNA and RNA growth by interfering with enzymes needed for normal cell metabolism 28. Antimetabolites work in the phase.: S