Debates
Nature Nurture Determinism Free Will Reductionism Holism
Definition Any influence on Any influence on The belief that Each individual has Breaking complex Perceiving
behaviour which is behaviour which is behaviour is the power to make phenomena into whole expe
genetic (the action non-genetic (people, controlled by choices about their more simple rather than
of genes, events and the external or internal behaviour, without components because individual f
neurochemistry, physical world). factors acting upon being determined complex phenomena and or the
neurotransmitters the individual and by internal or are best understood relations be
and neurological beyond their control. external forces in terms of a simpler them.
structures). beyond their level of explanation.
control.
Application Biological approach Behaviourist Biological (genes, Humanism; Biological (genes, Psychobios
Cognitive approach approach brain) Helps to achieve hormones, approach
Social learning Environmental self-actualisation neutransm.) Humanism
theory (conditioning) Environmental
Physic (childhood, (stimulus-response)
unconsciousness)
Soft and hard
Interaction Interactionist approach (diathesis-stress A person may choose to do something but Levels of explanation (socio-cultura
model) these choices are determined by previous psychological, physical, physiologic
Epigenetics reinforcement neurochemical)
Niche-picking
Examples OCD is caused by Phobia is caused by Expulsive person – Moral responsibility Aggression is caused Conformity
low serotonin conditioning anal stage fixation for actions by MAOA gene interaction
Strengths Uses scientific Practical appl: Uses scientific High face validity Uses scientific More comp
methods flooding and sys. methods Empowering methods picture of c
Practical appl: desensitization. ILOC – less mental Practical appl: drugs phenomen
drugs illness in teens Parsimony
Weaknesses No twin study Reductionist Practical imp: can be Brain activates 10 Losing the whole Hard to inv
found CR 100% Deterministic used in courts sec before decision person all levels
Reductionist Simplifies human is made Losing meaning of Mostly the
Deterministic behaviour Not scientific behaviour (talking)
Nature Nurture Determinism Free Will Reductionism Holism
Definition Any influence on Any influence on The belief that Each individual has Breaking complex Perceiving
behaviour which is behaviour which is behaviour is the power to make phenomena into whole expe
genetic (the action non-genetic (people, controlled by choices about their more simple rather than
of genes, events and the external or internal behaviour, without components because individual f
neurochemistry, physical world). factors acting upon being determined complex phenomena and or the
neurotransmitters the individual and by internal or are best understood relations be
and neurological beyond their control. external forces in terms of a simpler them.
structures). beyond their level of explanation.
control.
Application Biological approach Behaviourist Biological (genes, Humanism; Biological (genes, Psychobios
Cognitive approach approach brain) Helps to achieve hormones, approach
Social learning Environmental self-actualisation neutransm.) Humanism
theory (conditioning) Environmental
Physic (childhood, (stimulus-response)
unconsciousness)
Soft and hard
Interaction Interactionist approach (diathesis-stress A person may choose to do something but Levels of explanation (socio-cultura
model) these choices are determined by previous psychological, physical, physiologic
Epigenetics reinforcement neurochemical)
Niche-picking
Examples OCD is caused by Phobia is caused by Expulsive person – Moral responsibility Aggression is caused Conformity
low serotonin conditioning anal stage fixation for actions by MAOA gene interaction
Strengths Uses scientific Practical appl: Uses scientific High face validity Uses scientific More comp
methods flooding and sys. methods Empowering methods picture of c
Practical appl: desensitization. ILOC – less mental Practical appl: drugs phenomen
drugs illness in teens Parsimony
Weaknesses No twin study Reductionist Practical imp: can be Brain activates 10 Losing the whole Hard to inv
found CR 100% Deterministic used in courts sec before decision person all levels
Reductionist Simplifies human is made Losing meaning of Mostly the
Deterministic behaviour Not scientific behaviour (talking)
