NERC PREP TEST 101 Graded A+ 2023

1. If a 500 kV transmission line with a surge impedance loading of 800 MW is currently loaded at 1400 MW, which of the following events would most likely occur? a. Generator MVAR output would increase b. All system capacitors would trip off-line c. Generator MVAR output would decrease d. All automatic reactors would connect to the system - ANSWER-a. Generator MVAR output would increase 2. When system conditions are such that emergency procedures are expected to be implemented, which of the following actions should be considered first? a. Shed firm load b. Implement Active Load Management c. Return outaged equipment to service d. Request a voltage reduction - ANSWER-c. Return outaged equipment to service 3. If your transmission path is rated for 1200 MW and 1000 MW are scheduled on it, but due to parallel flows the actual flow is 1300 MW, what action should you take? a. Request that a phase shifting transformer be installed b. Reduce interchange transactions impacting the path c. Request all parallel flow to PSEs to increase schedules d. Reduce all commercial customer load - ANSWER-b. Reduce interchange transactions impacting the path 4. If your system is MVAR deficient, what action could be implemented to prevent voltage collapse? a. Raise system frequency above 60.5 Hz b. Shed firm load in the deficient area c. Separate from the Interconnection d. Lower transmission voltages - ANSWER-b. Shed firm load in the deficient area 5. Which of the following actions can a system operator take in order to maintain stability on the system? a. Request generators to absorb maximum MVAR b. Place all operating limits on dynamic calculation c. Raise system voltages as high as possible, but within their operating parameters d. Reduce voltages on the transmission system - ANSWER-c. Raise system voltages as high as possible, but within their operating parameters 6. Which of the following actions should you take if an outage on a neighboring system has caused a violation on your system? a. Open all tie-lines to your neighbor b. Ask the Reliability Coordinator for assistance c. Shed load to mitigate the violation d. Wait for the neighboring system to contact you - ANSWER-b. Ask the Reliability Coordinator for assistance 7. If a SOL or IROL violation occurs due to transfers across the system and it is determined that parallel flows are contributing to the violation, what should the system operator do? a. Place all system capacitors in service b. Reduce system load c. Inform the Reliability Coordinator d. Dump firm load - ANSWER-c. Inform the Reliability Coordinator 8. While performing a pre-outage study, you identify that the transmission outage will cause a thermal violation on a parallel path, which of the following actions would be the first one you would implement? a. Shed load to mitigate the concern b. Allow the outage to occur and see what happens c. Reschedule the outage if possible d. Allow the outage to take place as long as no load is lost - ANSWER-c. Reschedule the outage if possible 9. Which of the following actions should the system operator implement first if transmission line limits exceed the facilities emergency limits based on a contingency that has not yet occurred, but their protocols are to respond on a pre-contingency basis? a. Reduce voltages in the area of the violation b. Remove the facility from service c. Curtail any interchange transactions that are curtailable d. Only implement actions if the contingency occurs - ANSWER-c. Curtail any interchange transactions that are curtailable 10. If a Reliability Coordinator had to implement any type of line loading relief procedures, which of the following entities would they be coordinated with? Pick two. a. Purchasing Selling Entities b. Balancing Authorities c. Transmission Operators d. Load Serving Entities - ANSWER-b. Balancing Authorities c. Transmission Operators 11. If a generator is lost in a neighboring Balancing Area, what would the impact be on the BAs transmission tie lines? a. Nothing b. A net increase of MW would come into your BAs system c. A net increase of MW would go out of your BAs system d. They would exceed their emergency limits - ANSWER-c. A net increase of MW would go out of your BAs system 12. According to the NERC Glossary, a constrained facility is defined as a transmission facility that is approaching, is at, or is beyond its? a. SOL or IROL b. Normal voltage parameters c. Available Transfer Capability d. Economic operating point - ANSWER-a. SOL or IROL 13. How should a Transmission Operator that is affected by or contributing to transmission SOL or IROL limit violations respond to the situation? a. When time permits b. In coordination with other impacted entities c. Independent of all other parties d. Only at the direction of the Reliability Coordinator - ANSWER-b. In coordination with other impacted entities 14. If a transmission operator is experiencing a SOL or IROL violation, how long does the entity have to correct the problem? a. 10 minutes b. 20 minutes c. 30 minutes d. 60 minutes - ANSWER-c. 30 minutes 15. If your system is experiencing high system loads, high system imports, and transmission facilities loaded to 100%, which of the following situations would make the situation worse? a. Loss of a distribution station b. An internal generator tripping c. A bulk capacitor connecting to the system d. A 500 kV transmission line returned to service - ANSWER-b. An internal generator tripping 16. If a transmission line has a flow of 500 MW and the LODF for a parallel line due to the loss of this line is .25, how many MW will shift to this line if the line relays out of service? a. 50 MW b. 125 MW c. 250 MW d. 500 MW - ANSWER-b. 125 MW 17. If a transmission path is congested and it is determined that all curtailable transactions have a 15% affect on the path, how many MW of transactions must be curtailed if 30 MW of relief is needed? a. 15 MW b. 30 MW c. 100 MW d. 200 MW - ANSWER-d. 200 MW 18. If a transmission line is violating its emergency thermal limit due to the tripping of a parallel line which of the following is NOT an appropriate action to implement? a. Shift generation b. Implement ALM c. Shed load d. Adjust the thermal ratings - ANSWER-d. Adjust the thermal ratings 19. According to NERC standards, disturbances that are not identified until sometime after the occur must be reported to NERC a. Immediately b. Within 12 hours c. Within 24 hours d. Within 30 days - ANSWER-c. Within 24 hours 20. According to NERC Standards, Transmission Operators and Balancing Authorities must provide their operating personnel with a minimum of how much training annually? a. 2 days b. 5 days c. 10 days d. 14 days - ANSWER-b. 5 days 21. If a major transmission facility were to relay out of service, who is the system operator to inform? a. Only local management b. All entities in the Interconnection c. Any impacted system d. NERC - ANSWER-c. Any impacted system 22. How is the reactive output of the generator increased? a. By raising the power factor b. By adjusting the governor control manually c. By adjusting the generator excitation d. By changing the speed of the turbine - ANSWER-c. By adjusting the generator excitation 23. Which of the following would NOT be considered voltage regulation equipment? a. Reactors b. Capacitors c. Generator governors d. Generator AVRs - ANSWER-c. Generator governors 24. An open-ended transmission line exhibits the properties of which of the following devices? a. Generator b. Reactor c. Capacitor d. Insulator - ANSWER-c. Capacitor 25. Which of the following is NOT considered a MVAR resource? a. Shunt reactors b. Synchronous condenser c. Generator d. Capacitors - ANSWER-a. Shunt reactors 26. You report for work on a peak summer day with expected high temperatures and load. What can you do to maintain an adequate system profile? a. Switch reactors in service to remove the peak b. Request all generators to reserve MVAR for the peak c. Switch all capacitors in service without regard to voltage levels d. Get under the voltage by placing capacitors in service while maintaining operating limits - ANSWER-d. Get under the voltage by placing capacitors in service while maintaining operating limits 27. What will be the reactive power output of a 200 MVAR shunt capacitor energized at 90% of its nominal voltage? a. 120 MVAR b. 150 MVAR c. 162 MVAR d. 180 MVAR - ANSWER-c. 162 MVAR 28. When system conditions have caused the depletion of the system reactive reserves, when should the reserves be restored? a. When the system load is shed b. Only after a P-V curve has been developed c. As soon as possible d. When the RC has given permission to do so - ANSWER-c. As soon as possible 29. What is the purpose of the generator reactive capability curve? a. Determine the generator excitation time restrictions b. Identify the turbine loading temperatures c. Determine how fast the unit can be loaded d. Identify MVAR operating limits - ANSWER-d. Identify MVAR operating limits 30. Which of the following in conjunction with switched capacitors can be used to maintain system voltage levels within desired limits? a. Interchange schedules b. Static Var Compensators c. Current transformer d. Potential transformer - ANSWER-b. Static Var Compensators 31. If it is desired to have a generator operate in the LEAD, what must the Generator Operator do to the generator? a. Increase the excitation b. Increase the hydrogen pressure c. Decrease the excitation d. Decrease the hydrogen temperature - ANSWER-c. Decrease the excitation 32. Which of the following reactive devices would be considered to be a dynamic reactive resource? a. Transformer b. Shunt reactor c. Shunt capacitor d. Generator - ANSWER-d. Generator 33. If the applied voltage of a capacitor experiences a 10% reduction from the rated voltage, what will be the impact on the capacitor output? a. It will be increased by 10% b. It will remain unchanged c. It will be reduced by 10% d. It will be reduced by more than 10% - ANSWER-d. It will be reduced by more than 10% 34. According to NERC Standards, each Transmission Operator is expected to coordinate protection systems on major transmission lines and interconnections with all of the following neighboring entities EXCEPT? a. Generator Operators b. Transmission Operators c. Balancing Authorities d. Transmission Service Providers - ANSWER-d. Transmission Service Providers 35. Which type of relay operates on the premise of comparing the flow in and out of the area of protection? a. Out-of-phase relays b. Directional relay c. Differential relay d. Overspeed trip relay - ANSWER-c. Differential relay 36. Which of the following would be a means for the system operator to verify that a transmission system relay has operated after receiving an alarm? a. Have the alarm re-calibrated b. Request the relay group to provide a detailed print of the scheme c. Have someone check the relay targets d. Check the station instruction manual - ANSWER-c. Have someone check the relay targets 37. Which of the following is NOT a parameter that is used for automatic load shedding schemes? a. Frequency b. Rate of frequency decay c. Rate of voltage decay d. Rate of generation ramping - ANSWER-d. Rate of generation ramping 38. You receive indication through your SCADA system that a substation's main bus circuit breakers have operated open, what would you expect to see as the primary relay target at the station? a. Synch-check relay b. Zone 3 distance relay c. Bus differential relay d. Out-of -step relay - ANSWER-c. Bus differential relay 39. If your system experienced a relay equipment misoperation, why is it important to report this information to appropriate personnel? a. To complete the NERC Relay Survey appropriately b. To ensure that testing and repairs are initiated c. To initiate re-calibration of all differential relays d. To initiate high speed re-closing - ANSWER-b. To ensure that testing and repairs are initiated 40. What type of relay looks at roughly 90% of a transmission line? a. Zone 1 b. Zone 2 c. Zone 3 d. Differential - ANSWER-a. Zone 1 41. If a major transmission facility were to relay out of service, who is the system operator supposed to inform? a. Only local management b. All entities in the Interconnection c. Any impacted system d. NERC - ANSWER-c. Any impacted system 42. You have an alarm from a substation and you send a serviceman to the substation. He reports the Circuit Switcher on the high side of the bank is open and all CB's in substation are open. Of the relays listed below, which is the most likely? a. 50G over current b. 21-1 impedance zone 1 c. 87T differential d. 27 under voltage - ANSWER-c. 87T differential 43. Underfrequency load shedding is set-up so that which of the following does NOT occur? a. Over voltage conditions b. Interruption of interchange c. Uncontrolled separation d. Voltage criteria violated - ANSWER-c. Uncontrolled separation 44. What would be the expected impact on voltage when a capacitor is placed in service? a. Increase b. Remain the same c. Suddenly drop but return to the same voltage d. Decrease - ANSWER-a. Increase 45. If more MVAR is desired from a generator, what must the Generator Operator do to the generator? a. Increase the excitation b. Increase the hydrogen pressure c. Decrease the excitation d. Decrease the hydrogen temperature - ANSWER-a. Increase the excitation 46. Which of the following actions would help to lower voltages on the transmission system? Pick two. a. Remove a capacitor from service b. Remove a reactor from service c. Lower the excitation on a generator d. Switch a capacitor in service - ANSWER-a. Remove a capacitor from service c. Lower the excitation on a generator 47. If the voltage on the northern part of your system is 138 kV and a capacitor were removed from service, what would be the determining factor in how the voltage would respond? a. MVAR rating of the capacitor b. Rated voltage of the capacitor c. MVAR output of the capacitor d. Distance from the capacitor to the load - ANSWER-c. MVAR output of the capacitor 48. A 115 kV capacitor has a rated output of 100 MVAR for a nominal voltage of 115 kV, what would be the expected reduction in the output of the capacitor if the actual voltage were reduced by 10%? a. 10 MVAR b. 19 MVAR c. 81 MVAR d. 90 MVAR - ANSWER-b. 19 MVAR 49. If a generator raises its VAR output, how should the system operator expect the system voltage to respond? a. Remain the same b. Increase c. Decrease d. Decrease exponentially - ANSWER-b. Increase 50. Which of the following would a lightly loaded transmission line exhibit the characteristics of? a. A reactor b. A generator in the lead c. A shunt capacitor d. A blackstart CT - ANSWER-c. A shunt capacitor 51. Which of the following would be an appropriate action for a system operator to implement in trying to maintain a safe and reliable system? a. Maintain system voltage as high as possible, but within limits b. Reduce spinning reserves to zero c. Reduce system voltages below 93% of nominal d. Request all generator AVRs be placed in manual - ANSWER-a. Maintain system voltage as high as possible, but within limits 52. To maintain system voltage levels within acceptable limits, capacitors and which of the following should be used? a. Potential transformers b. Interchange schedules c. Current transformers d. Rotating VAR sources - ANSWER-d. Rotating VAR sources 53. Which of the following actions would NOT help increase system voltages? a. Increase generator MVAR output b. Remove a reactor from service c. Reduce imports across the system d. Increase MW reserves - ANSWER-d. Increase MW reserves 54. If an EHV transmission line is lightly loaded and system voltages are high, what should be done with the line? a. Completely unloaded b. Removed from service immediately c. Removed from service after loading to it SIL d. Removed from service only after determining that reliability will not be affected - ANSWER-d. Removed from service only after determining that reliability will not be affected 55. Which of the following are considered to be reactive resources? Pick two. a. Shunt reactors b. Generators c. Synchronous condensers d. Transformers - ANSWER-b. Generators c. Synchronous condensers 56. A transmission constraint is a limitation on one or more transmission elements that may be reached during a. Normal conditions only b. Emergency conditions only c. Normal or contingency system operations d. Restoration operations - ANSWER-c. Normal or contingency system operations 57. Which of the following is responsible to resolve any outage scheduling of potential reliability conflicts? a. Balancing Authority b. Reliability Coordinator c. Transmission Operator d. NERC - ANSWER-b. Reliability Coordinator 58. Which of the following is responsible to arrange for either self-providing or purchasing reactive resources to satisfy its reactive requirements identified by its Transmission Service Provider? a. Transmission Operator b. Purchasing-Selling Entity c. Generator Operator d. Balancing Authority - ANSWER-b. Purchasing-Selling Entity 59. Which of the following functions shall have the ability to operate or direct the operation of devices necessary to regulate transmission voltage and reactive flow? a. Balancing Authority b. Reliability Coordinator c. Generator Operator d. Transmission Operator - ANSWER-d. Transmission Operator 60. Which of the following situations would most benefit from the system operator monitoring frequency from various locations within a Balancing Area? a. System separation points b. Time error accumulations c. Under frequency relay protection d. Inadvertent accumulations - ANSWER-a. System separation points 61. Which of the following would provide an operator with an indication of how the Balancing Area and the Interconnection are performing? a. ACE for the Balancing Area and Frequency for the Interconnection b. Frequency for the Balancing Area and ACE for the Interconnection c. Frequency for the Balancing Area and Inadvertent Interchange for the Interconnection d. Voltages for the Balancing Area and Frequency for the Interconnection - ANSWER-a. ACE for the Balancing Area and Frequency for the Interconnection 62. If a system operator is faced with a situation where a transmission line has exceeded its emergency rating, which of the following actions is NOT acceptable? a. Implement a generation re-dispatch b. Switch the transmission line out of service c. Shed enough load to reduce the line loading d. Increase the emergency rating of the line - ANSWER-d. Increase the emergency rating of the line 63. If a system operator is required to control its transmission facilities on a pre-contingency basis, which of the following actions would be appropriate if a system study indicated a potential emergency limit violation? a. Reduce all interchange transaction to 0 regardless of their impact on the violation b. Shift generation to eliminate the concern c. Reduce system frequency in order to reduce system load d. Request and EEA 3 from the Reliability Coordinator - ANSWER-b. Shift generation to eliminate the concern 64. Which of the following would be an appropriate action for a system operator to implement in trying to maintain a safe and reliable system? a. Reduce system voltages below 95% of nominal b. Request all generator AVRs be placed in manual c. Maintain system voltages as high as possible, but within limits d. Reduce spinning reserves to zero - ANSWER-c. Maintain system voltages as high as possible, but within limits 65. If a transmission tie-line has a conductor rating 95 MVA with a current transformer rated 85 MVA on you end and a current transformer rated at 90 MVA on the other end, what is the limit that would be used for the operation of the line? a. 85 MVA b. 90 MVA c. 95 MVA d. 175 MVA - ANSWER-a. 85 MVA 66. Which of the following is ultimately the cause of system voltage collapse? a. Reactive resource deficiency b. Low spinning reserves c. Too many capacitors on line d. Not enough reactors on the system - ANSWER-a. Reactive resource deficiency 67. If system conditions are such that all reactive resources have been exhausted, what action should the operator consider to prevent voltage collapse? a. Increase MW reserves b. Increase transfer across your system to the load c. Reduction of load in the appropriate area d. Place reactors in service - ANSWER-c. Reduction of load in the appropriate area 68. Which mode of operation is most desirable for operating the Balancing Area AGC system? a. Flat or constant frequency b. Manual c. Tie-line frequency bias d. Flat or constant tie-line - ANSWER-c. Tie-line frequency bias 69. If the system operator determines that it is necessary to implement a firm load reduction to prevent a system voltage collapse, what is the best place to reduce load? a. Across the entire system b. In the load area that is generation deficient c. At the same location as under frequency protected load d. Wherever non-critical customers are located - ANSWER-b. In the load area that is generation deficient 70. If the system operator observes a decline in system frequency, in addition to an increase in their system exports, which of the following is the most likely event? a. The Balancing Area experienced a loss of load b. A generator tripped internal to the Balancing Area c. A generator tripped external to the Balancing Area d. There was a loss of load external to the Balancing Area - ANSWER-c. A generator tripped external to the Balancing Area 71. What is a major reason for identifying the transfer capabilities of the transmission system? a. To identify all bottled generators b. To mitigate transmission constraints in real-time c. To proactively avoid system problems d. To maximize the income of the transmission owners - ANSWER-c. To proactively avoid system problems 72. According to the FERC Standards of conduct, a Transmission Operator can share transmission related information with all of the following EXCEPT? a. Other Transmission Operators b. Reliability Coordinators c. System Planners d. Affiliated Marketing Groups - ANSWER-d. Affiliated Marketing Groups 73. Each Transmission Operator and Balancing Authority shall have emergency plans that will enable it to? a. Cover all possible contingencies without violating any limits b. Mitigate operating emergencies c. Restore the system to normal within 10 minutes d. Prevent any emergency condition from occurring - ANSWER-b. Mitigate operating emergencies 74. If studies were being performed to evaluate next-day system conditions, which of the following information would be the LEAST useful? a. Projected Transmission outages b. Generation schedule c. Load forecast d. Current day weather forecast - ANSWER-d. Current day weather forecast 75. According to NERC Standards Transmission Operators, Balancing Authorities, Generator Operators, Transmission Service Providers, Load-Serving Entities, and Purchasing-Selling Entities are required to comply with Reliability Coordinator directives unless such actions would? a. Be contrary the companies operating philosophy b. Cause additional financial obligations c. Violate safety, equipment, or regulatory requirements d. Require additional workload on the companies personnel - ANSWER-c. Violate safety, equipment, or regulatory requirements 76. If transmission line XYZ is carrying 300 MW and a transaction is started for 100 MW in the same direction that has a distribution factor of .3 on XYZ, what will the flow be on XYZ after the transaction is ramped? a. 270 MW b. 300 MW c. 330 MW d. 400 MW - ANSWER-c. 330 MW 77. Which of the following is responsible to arrange for either by self-providing or purchasing reactive resources to satisfy it reactive requirements identified by its Transmission Service Provider? a. Transmission Operator b. Purchasing-Selling Entity c. Generator Operator d. Balancing Authority - ANSWER-b. Purchasing-Selling Entity 78. Which of the following functions shall have the ability to operate or direct the operation of devices necessary to regulate transmission voltage and reactive flow? a. Balancing Authority b. Reliability Coordinator c. Generator Operator d. Transmission Operator - ANSWER-d. Transmission Operator 79. If a system operator is required to control its transmission facilities on a pre-contingency basis, which of the following actions would be appropriate if a system study indicated a potential emergency limit violation? a. Reduce all interchange transactions to 0 regardless of their impact on the violation b. Shift generation to eliminate the concern c. Reduce system frequency in order to reduce system load d. Request an EEA 3 from the Reliability Coordinator - ANSWER-b. Shift generation to eliminate the concern 80. If a system operator is faced with a situation where a transmission line has exceeded its emergency rating, which of the following actions is NOT acceptable? a. Implement a generation re-dispatch b. Switch the transmission line out of service c. Shed enough load to reduce the line loading