Exam (elaborations) ONS/ONCC Chemotherapy Immunotherapy Certification

The stem cell divides, producing undifferentiated stem cells that are of what lineage? - ANSWER myeloid or lymphoid What cells do myeloid precursors turn into? - ANSWER red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets What cells do lymphoid precursors turn into? - ANSWER specialized white blood cells called lymphocytes Granulocytes are - ANSWER basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils Agranuloyctes are - ANSWER T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, monocytes What two type of immunity make up the immune system? - ANSWER innate and adaptive What line of defense is innate immunity? - ANSWER first What is the role of innate immunity? - ANSWER is to mount a non-specific response to a non-self entity that does not retain memory of the entity What types of things does innate immunity respond to? - ANSWER skin, mucous membranes, normal flora of the skin and gut as barrier or bacterial protection against foreign substances AND cellular components such as phagocytes, natural killer cells, granulocytes, and macrophages If innate immunity proves to be insufficient, what is mobilized? - ANSWER adaptive immunity Adaptive immunity leads to what? - ANSWER immune system memory related to a pathogen or foreign substance What are the three parts of adaptive immunity? - ANSWER humoral immunity, cell mediated immunity, regulatory t-cells What is humoral immunity made up of? - ANSWER b lymphocytes, memory b cells, and plasma to produce immunoglobulins or antibodies What is cell mediated immunity dependent on? - ANSWER cytotoxic t-cells, helper tcells and their cytokines What are regulatory t-cells also known as? - ANSWER supressor t-cells What do regulatory t-cells do? - ANSWER regulate the immune response to prevent autoimmune reactions and limit inflammatory responses What are cytokines? - ANSWER cytokines are secreted by lymphocytes with the intention of stimulating macrophages and cytotoxic t lymphocytes to identify and kill pathogen infected cells or tumor cells What do proto-oncogenes do? - ANSWER regulate normal cell growth and division. What are proto-oncogenes? - ANSWER they are a large family of genes that code for proteins and enzymes that turn on the cell cycle