BIO 152 EXAM 4 question with correct answers 2023

BIO 152 EXAM 4 question with correct answers 2023 Autotrophs - correct answer organism that can use raw materials from environment to assemble its own carbon based molecules (green plants and bacteria) Heterotrophs - correct answer consuming other organisms to obtain essential molecules (animals) light reaction - correct answer part one of photosynthesis that absorbs energy from light, and transfers it to energy carrier molecules calvin cycle - correct answer part two of photosynthesis that receives the transferred energy and uses it to make carbon based molecules photons - correct answer packets of kinetic energy found in light red - correct answer what color of light has long wavelength and low frequency blue - correct answer what color of light has short wavelength and high frequency chlorophyll - correct answer captures waves in plants to give its color. good at absorbing red and blue but can't absorb green (why plants are green) photosynthetic cells - correct answer where are chloroplasts found in plants thylakoid - correct answer each of a number of flattened sacs inside a chloroplast, bounded by pigmented membranes on which the light reactions of photosynthesis take place, and arranged in stacks or grana. - photons absorbed in photosystem 2 - energy excites electrons and puts them in higher energy - excited electrons ejected from photosystem 2 and transferred to chain - correct answer explain step 1 of photosynthesis light energy - when electrons are ejected, water is split to resupply photosystem 2 with more electrons -water produces oxygen gas as byproduct - correct answer explain step 2 of photosynthesis light energy - excited electrons pass through chain of proteins in thylakoid membrane - excited again when they go through photosystem 1 - transferred to NADP and used to make NADPH (electron carrier) - correct answer explain step 3 of photosynthesis light energy - protons accumulate inside thylakoid during the entire process which creates gradient (high to low) - ATP synthase allow H+ to move down gradient and make ATP - H+ moved into storm used to produce NADPH - correct answer explain step 4 of photosynthesis light energy carboxylation - correct answer step 1 of calvin cycle - CO2 molecule added to 5 carbon ribulose making a 6 carbon intermediate - 6 carbon molecule cut in half by rubisco - 2, 3 carbon molecules formed (3-phosphoglycerate/ PGA) - correct answer explain step 1 of calvin cycle reduction - correct answer step 2 of calvin cycle - each 3-PGA is reduced by NADPH - rearranged to triose phosphate (1 out of 6 made is exported out of chloroplast - correct answer explain step 2 of calvin cycle regeneration - correct answer step 3 of calvin cycle - regeneration of RUBP - it takes 5 triose phosphates (15 carbons) and one ATP to regenerate three RUPB (5 carbons each) - correct answer explain step 3 of calvin cycle transpiration - correct answer what process causes plants to lose most of their water