History of Architecture: A compilation from HOA (correct answers)
Gothic Architecture correct answers A style that reacted against the classic, hence it
was called "barbaric"; a style that departed from the classic lines; characterized by:
• elaborate and ornate decor
• high, pointed ends
Tracery correct answers An ornamental stonework on the upper part of a Gothic window
Plate Tracery correct answers A type of tracery; uses thick areas of stone to separate
glazed areas; the stone dominates the window rather than the glass
Bar Tracery correct answers A type of tracery; composed of thin stone elements rather
than thick ones; glass dominates the window rather than stone
Gargoyle correct answers Functional waterspouts during the Gothic Era and are said to
scare off evil spirits
L'architecture Ogivale correct answers The french term for the Gothic architectural style
from the word "ogive" referring to a pointed arch
Ogival System correct answers The vaulting framework of intersecting pointed arch ribs
Chevet correct answers An apse having a surrounding ambulatory of which are chapels;
the east or apsidal end of a Gothic church, including the choir, ambulatory and radiating
chapels.
Apse correct answers A recess, usually semicircular, in the wall of a building, commonly
found at the east end of a church.
Lady Chapel correct answers A chapel dedicated to the Virgin Mary
Fleche correct answers A slender spire rising from the ridge of a roof, esp. one above
the crossing of a Gothic church
Albi Cathedral correct answers A French Cathedral; Formally known as Cathedral
Basilica of Saint Cecilia, it is a fortress church with a large vaulted hall (18 m.), the
widest in France
Amiens Cathedral correct answers A French Cathedral; Has slightly projecting transepts
and sweeping chevet of 7 chapels
,Beauvais Cathedral correct answers A French Cathedral; The most daring achievement
of Gothic architecture, having the highest nave in Europe (48.5 m.); It has 3 tiers of
flying buttresses
Bourges Cathedral correct answers A French Cathedral; Is remarkable for the absence
of transepts and its shortness in proportion to the width.
Le Mans Cathedral correct answers A French Cathedral; Has a notable chevet with 13
chapels of unusual projection.
La Sainte Chapelle correct answers A French Cathedral; conceived by Louis IX as a
kind of gigantic reliquary for the most precious religious relics in all Christendom
(including the "true cross" of Christ, the "Crown of Thorns" and other relics connected to
the actual passion of Christ); The windows fill more than 3 quarters of the height of the
walls producing a luminous filigree effect
Filigree correct answers Delicate ornamental tracery
Chartres Cathedral correct answers A French Cathedral; A Latin Rite Catholic
cathedral; Has the most complete collection of medieval stained glass in the world,
renowned for their vivid blue color; with reputation to be the Stone Age Bible, it was
considered as the Middle Ages expression
Strasbourg Cathedral correct answers A French Cathedral; Used to be the world's
tallest building in the 1600s with a spire reaching up to 466 ft. (142 m.); today it is the
6th tallest church in the world
Notre Dame Cathedral correct answers A French Cathedral; Is 850 years old and is one
of the oldest French Gothic Cathedrals; Begun by Bishop Maurice de Sully and restored
by one of France's most famous architects, Eugene Viollet-le-Duc
Reims Cathedral correct answers A French Cathedral; The coronation church of the
French kings and one of the finest Gothic structures ever built; adorned with sculptures
from the 13th and 14th cent., including the "Smiling Angel of Reims"
Soissons Cathedral correct answers A French Cathedral; Has a single tower that dates
from the mid-13th century and is an imitation of those of Notre Dame de Paris.
Rouen Cathedral correct answers A French Cathedral; Has the highest spire in France
(151 m.); Used to be the world's tallest building in the late 1800s; Its spire was built in
the late Gothic Period (Flamboyant Style)
Flamboyant Style correct answers A Late Gothic style of architecture superseding the
Rayonnant style and named for the flame-like appearance of its pointed bar tracery
mainly used in describing French buildings
,Le Mont Saint Michel correct answers A French fortified town; used to be a fortified
stronghold of the Roman-Bretons in the 6th and 7th century; Best known for the
medieval Benedictine Abbey and steepled church; Known as "Wonder of the West"
Carcassone correct answers A French fortified town was restored in 1853 by Eugene
Viollet-le-Duc (one of France's most famous architects)
Chateau Gallard correct answers A French castle; uses early principles of concentric
fortification; one of the earliest European castles to use machicolations
Machicolation correct answers Part of a castle; A projecting gallery or parapet
supported on corbels having openings through which missiles could be dropped; Also
called "murder holes"
Chateau de Pierrefonds correct answers A French castle; was a defensive military
architecture from the middle ages by Louis I de Valois; Classified as a monument
historique by the French Ministry of Culture
Chateau d' Amboise correct answers A French castle; was once home to the French
royal court; built of French late Gothic Flamboyant style; also known as Chapel of Saint
Hubert and is the burial place of Leonardo da Vinci
Renaissance Architecture correct answers Means "rebirth of classical"; The
reintroduction of Classical Architecture all over Europe dating from the 15th to 18th
century; characterized by:
• formality achieved through symmetry
• Trabeated and Arcuated systems
• use of pediments, horizontal cornices and columnar arcades
Baroque correct answers An architectural style under the Renaissance era, known for
its curved lines shown in elements such as twisted columns and pediments; elaborate
an extensive ornamentation in decorative art and architecture that flourished in Europe
in the 17th century
Rococo correct answers Extreme Baroque style; An architectural style under the
Renaissance era, known for its symmetrical plans, walls constructed with ashlar
masonry, doors with semi-circular heads and Greek entablatures, Roman mouldings,
classic order columns, fresco paintings and sgraffito
Sgraffito correct answers Color plaster; a ceramic or mural decoration made by
scratching off a surface layer to reveal the color underneath
Italy (Florence) correct answers The birthplace of Renaissance architecture
Filippo Brunelleschi correct answers The most famous architect in Italy; designed the
Dome of Florence Cathedral and the Palazzo Pitti
, Alberti correct answers The author of the first architecture book after the invention of
printing; designed the Church of Santa Andrea, Mantua (the prototype of later
renaissance)
De re Aedificatoria correct answers Alberti's publication on Architecture; It was the first
printed work on architecture of the Renaissance.
Bramante correct answers The first Roman architect of Renaissance time; designed the
Pazzo Della Cancellaria and started the Vatican Palace in Rome
Raphael correct answers The cousin and pupil of Roman architect Bramante; designed
the Vatican Loggia; The architect who changed the plan of the Vatican from the Greek
cross plan to the Latin cross plan
Vignola correct answers The architect who designed the Palazzo Farnese, Villa of Pope
Julius in Rome, the Caprarola (the most magnificent of Roman palaces), and the Gesu
Church (prototype of Jesuit Church in baroque style)
Medici Family correct answers The wealthiest family in Italy and ruled Florence during
the Renaissance
Longhena correct answers The architect of the Sta. Maria Della Salute, Venice (the
structure in the middle of a canal)
St. Peter's Basilica correct answers Largest Christian church in the world; Located in the
Vatican City in Italy. The dome was created by Michelangelo
Panthenon correct answers A large, domed temple built in ancient Rome to honor many
gods and goddesses; has the largest dome in Italy
French Renaissance correct answers An architectural style influenced by the Italian
Renaissance; Notable for its sober and restrained composition of design
Mansard Roof correct answers A roof characterized by steeply sloped facets
surrounding a flat or nearly flat center section; Also known as "Gambrel Roof"
Chateau de Blois correct answers A French residential palace known for its
monumental spiral staircase, covered with fine bas-relief sculptures and looking out
onto the château's central court
Palais de Louvre correct answers A former royal palace designed by Pierre Lescot
located on the Right Bank of the Seine in Paris, now a museum containing a large
collection of historical artifacts
Gothic Architecture correct answers A style that reacted against the classic, hence it
was called "barbaric"; a style that departed from the classic lines; characterized by:
• elaborate and ornate decor
• high, pointed ends
Tracery correct answers An ornamental stonework on the upper part of a Gothic window
Plate Tracery correct answers A type of tracery; uses thick areas of stone to separate
glazed areas; the stone dominates the window rather than the glass
Bar Tracery correct answers A type of tracery; composed of thin stone elements rather
than thick ones; glass dominates the window rather than stone
Gargoyle correct answers Functional waterspouts during the Gothic Era and are said to
scare off evil spirits
L'architecture Ogivale correct answers The french term for the Gothic architectural style
from the word "ogive" referring to a pointed arch
Ogival System correct answers The vaulting framework of intersecting pointed arch ribs
Chevet correct answers An apse having a surrounding ambulatory of which are chapels;
the east or apsidal end of a Gothic church, including the choir, ambulatory and radiating
chapels.
Apse correct answers A recess, usually semicircular, in the wall of a building, commonly
found at the east end of a church.
Lady Chapel correct answers A chapel dedicated to the Virgin Mary
Fleche correct answers A slender spire rising from the ridge of a roof, esp. one above
the crossing of a Gothic church
Albi Cathedral correct answers A French Cathedral; Formally known as Cathedral
Basilica of Saint Cecilia, it is a fortress church with a large vaulted hall (18 m.), the
widest in France
Amiens Cathedral correct answers A French Cathedral; Has slightly projecting transepts
and sweeping chevet of 7 chapels
,Beauvais Cathedral correct answers A French Cathedral; The most daring achievement
of Gothic architecture, having the highest nave in Europe (48.5 m.); It has 3 tiers of
flying buttresses
Bourges Cathedral correct answers A French Cathedral; Is remarkable for the absence
of transepts and its shortness in proportion to the width.
Le Mans Cathedral correct answers A French Cathedral; Has a notable chevet with 13
chapels of unusual projection.
La Sainte Chapelle correct answers A French Cathedral; conceived by Louis IX as a
kind of gigantic reliquary for the most precious religious relics in all Christendom
(including the "true cross" of Christ, the "Crown of Thorns" and other relics connected to
the actual passion of Christ); The windows fill more than 3 quarters of the height of the
walls producing a luminous filigree effect
Filigree correct answers Delicate ornamental tracery
Chartres Cathedral correct answers A French Cathedral; A Latin Rite Catholic
cathedral; Has the most complete collection of medieval stained glass in the world,
renowned for their vivid blue color; with reputation to be the Stone Age Bible, it was
considered as the Middle Ages expression
Strasbourg Cathedral correct answers A French Cathedral; Used to be the world's
tallest building in the 1600s with a spire reaching up to 466 ft. (142 m.); today it is the
6th tallest church in the world
Notre Dame Cathedral correct answers A French Cathedral; Is 850 years old and is one
of the oldest French Gothic Cathedrals; Begun by Bishop Maurice de Sully and restored
by one of France's most famous architects, Eugene Viollet-le-Duc
Reims Cathedral correct answers A French Cathedral; The coronation church of the
French kings and one of the finest Gothic structures ever built; adorned with sculptures
from the 13th and 14th cent., including the "Smiling Angel of Reims"
Soissons Cathedral correct answers A French Cathedral; Has a single tower that dates
from the mid-13th century and is an imitation of those of Notre Dame de Paris.
Rouen Cathedral correct answers A French Cathedral; Has the highest spire in France
(151 m.); Used to be the world's tallest building in the late 1800s; Its spire was built in
the late Gothic Period (Flamboyant Style)
Flamboyant Style correct answers A Late Gothic style of architecture superseding the
Rayonnant style and named for the flame-like appearance of its pointed bar tracery
mainly used in describing French buildings
,Le Mont Saint Michel correct answers A French fortified town; used to be a fortified
stronghold of the Roman-Bretons in the 6th and 7th century; Best known for the
medieval Benedictine Abbey and steepled church; Known as "Wonder of the West"
Carcassone correct answers A French fortified town was restored in 1853 by Eugene
Viollet-le-Duc (one of France's most famous architects)
Chateau Gallard correct answers A French castle; uses early principles of concentric
fortification; one of the earliest European castles to use machicolations
Machicolation correct answers Part of a castle; A projecting gallery or parapet
supported on corbels having openings through which missiles could be dropped; Also
called "murder holes"
Chateau de Pierrefonds correct answers A French castle; was a defensive military
architecture from the middle ages by Louis I de Valois; Classified as a monument
historique by the French Ministry of Culture
Chateau d' Amboise correct answers A French castle; was once home to the French
royal court; built of French late Gothic Flamboyant style; also known as Chapel of Saint
Hubert and is the burial place of Leonardo da Vinci
Renaissance Architecture correct answers Means "rebirth of classical"; The
reintroduction of Classical Architecture all over Europe dating from the 15th to 18th
century; characterized by:
• formality achieved through symmetry
• Trabeated and Arcuated systems
• use of pediments, horizontal cornices and columnar arcades
Baroque correct answers An architectural style under the Renaissance era, known for
its curved lines shown in elements such as twisted columns and pediments; elaborate
an extensive ornamentation in decorative art and architecture that flourished in Europe
in the 17th century
Rococo correct answers Extreme Baroque style; An architectural style under the
Renaissance era, known for its symmetrical plans, walls constructed with ashlar
masonry, doors with semi-circular heads and Greek entablatures, Roman mouldings,
classic order columns, fresco paintings and sgraffito
Sgraffito correct answers Color plaster; a ceramic or mural decoration made by
scratching off a surface layer to reveal the color underneath
Italy (Florence) correct answers The birthplace of Renaissance architecture
Filippo Brunelleschi correct answers The most famous architect in Italy; designed the
Dome of Florence Cathedral and the Palazzo Pitti
, Alberti correct answers The author of the first architecture book after the invention of
printing; designed the Church of Santa Andrea, Mantua (the prototype of later
renaissance)
De re Aedificatoria correct answers Alberti's publication on Architecture; It was the first
printed work on architecture of the Renaissance.
Bramante correct answers The first Roman architect of Renaissance time; designed the
Pazzo Della Cancellaria and started the Vatican Palace in Rome
Raphael correct answers The cousin and pupil of Roman architect Bramante; designed
the Vatican Loggia; The architect who changed the plan of the Vatican from the Greek
cross plan to the Latin cross plan
Vignola correct answers The architect who designed the Palazzo Farnese, Villa of Pope
Julius in Rome, the Caprarola (the most magnificent of Roman palaces), and the Gesu
Church (prototype of Jesuit Church in baroque style)
Medici Family correct answers The wealthiest family in Italy and ruled Florence during
the Renaissance
Longhena correct answers The architect of the Sta. Maria Della Salute, Venice (the
structure in the middle of a canal)
St. Peter's Basilica correct answers Largest Christian church in the world; Located in the
Vatican City in Italy. The dome was created by Michelangelo
Panthenon correct answers A large, domed temple built in ancient Rome to honor many
gods and goddesses; has the largest dome in Italy
French Renaissance correct answers An architectural style influenced by the Italian
Renaissance; Notable for its sober and restrained composition of design
Mansard Roof correct answers A roof characterized by steeply sloped facets
surrounding a flat or nearly flat center section; Also known as "Gambrel Roof"
Chateau de Blois correct answers A French residential palace known for its
monumental spiral staircase, covered with fine bas-relief sculptures and looking out
onto the château's central court
Palais de Louvre correct answers A former royal palace designed by Pierre Lescot
located on the Right Bank of the Seine in Paris, now a museum containing a large
collection of historical artifacts
