NUR 2063 / NUR2063: Essentials of Pathophysiology Exam 2 (Latest 2023 / 2024) Rasmussen

1. What are the functions of the kidneys? - Regulation of blood pressure; regulating blood osmolarity; removal of toxins; blood filtration; activate vitamin D 2. What are the clinical manifestations of benign prostatic hypertrophy? - dribbling; difficulty initiating urine stream; hesitancy; urinary retention, decreased stream 3. What substance controls the reabsorption of water from the collecting ducts? - ADH- Anti Diuretic Hormone 4. What is type 2 diabetes characterized as? - peripheral tissue insulin resistance 5. What are the clinical manifestations of Graves' disease? - Exophthalmos (bulging eyes), goiter, enlarge thyroid, heat intolerance, anxiety- hyperthyroidism 6. What processes occur during fasting? - glucogenesis; glycogenesis 7. What type of tissue is accessed to promote energy production in type 1 diabetes? - adipose/ fat 8. What are the clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism? - myxedema, fatigue, cold sensitivity, constipation, weight gain 9. What are the clinical manifestations of hyperthyroidism? - Goiter, fatigue, weight loss, infertility, memory loss, hair loss, muscle pain 10. What are the clinical manifestation of hyper para thyroidism? - fatigue, body aches, bone pain, depression, headaches, memory loss 11. What are the clinical manifestations of hypo para thyroidism? - numbness, tetany, parathesis, muscle spasms 12. What are the clinical manifestations of ketoacidosis? - fruity breath, drowsiness, nausea, thirst, confusion, lethargy, vomiting 13. What mechanisms control hormone release and regulation? - negative feedback loop 14. What hormones are released by the anterior pituitary gland? - Growth Hormone, prolactin, follicle stimulating hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, LH, ACTH and endorphins 15. What is diabetes insipidus? - a disorder caused by inadequate amounts of ADH which causes excessive water loss 16. clinical manifestations of diabetes insipidus - polyuria, nocturia, continuous thirst, and polydipsia 17. clinical manifestations of Cushings syndrome? - Excessive secretion of cortisol causes redistribution of fat, "moon face", "buffalo" hump on the back and pendulous abdomen. - 18. Facial skin is flushed (high blood pressure), skin covering abdomen develops stretch marks - • individual bruises easily and wound healing is poor - 19. Approximately 1/2 develop mental status changes from irritability to severe psychiatric disturbance - Females may experience changes due to increased androgen levels 20. clinical manifestations of secondary hypothyroidism - Weakness. - Fatigue. -Cold intolerance. -Constipation. -Weight gain. -Depression. -Joint or muscle pain. -Brittle fingernails.