AAMC FL 1 CARS question with complete solution 2023

AAMC FL 1 CARS question with complete solution 2023Which of the following statements from the passage most strongly indicates that the passage was written prior to the twenty-first century? A. "The regular holding of deliberative assemblies of a thousand members encounters the gravest difficulties in respect of room and distance. . . ." B. "The crowd . . . is . . . readily influenced by the eloquence of popular orators." C. "[T]hese same assemblies, if divided into small sections, . . . would be much more guarded in their assent." D. "The sovereign masses are incapable of undertaking the most necessary resolutions." A This is kind of obvious, anything that happens before the twenty first century tends to be older and have more difficulties "gravest difficulties" Which of the following assertions in the passage does the author support with a practical example? A. "[D]irect government by the people . . . greatly facilitates sudden insurrection of all kinds by individuals who are exceptionally bold, energetic, and adroit." B. "[A]nd therewith disappears also personality and sense of responsibility." C. "The adhesion of the crowd is tumultuous, summary, and unconditional." D. "[I]t is impossible for the collectivity to undertake the direct settlement of all the controversies that may arise." D Practical Example: gives claims/reasoning to the statement. A: just a direct quote B: just a direct quote, C: just a direct quote D: gives a statement before this quote stating that Peter wrongs paul. This shows that it was absurd to imagine that the entire collectivity would be able to examine circumstances of the controversy. Suppose the author were asked to advise a newly independent nation about the form of government it should establish. Based on the passage, the author would probably recommend A. a monarchy, in which decisions are made by one supreme leader. B. a representative democracy, in which decisions are made by a limited number of elected representatives. C. a direct democracy, in which decisions are made by all the adults in the country. D. an oligarchy, in which decisions are made by a small group of capable individuals. B: representative democracy A: does not like to have direct leaders (like an oligarchy) therefore this is wrong C: states that "direct government by the people would have no serious discussions or thoughtful deliberations, therefore no direct democracy D: oligarchy: first paragraph states that they want to avoid an oligarchy because it can sway the powerful orator. Consider that some groups are defined as “cults”; members of these extremist sects generally live communally and obey an authoritarian, charismatic leader. Assume that all cults have fewer than 100 members. This information would tend to weaken the passage’s assertions about the: A. ability of great orators to sway large groups. B. loss of personality and sense of responsibility. C. difficulties involved in convening large assemblies. D. reasonableness of small groups compared to large groups. passage states that: It is easier to dominate a large crowd than a small audience. "small area is unquestionably more accessible to panic alarms" cults have less than 100 members, therefore it is harder to sway them. Having a bigger group is easier so the passage is against smaller groups, so we are looking for the answer that likes smaller groups, which is D. When using the term "the sovereignty of the masses" (paragraph 4), the author seems to mean the ability of the masses to: A. vote in elections that decide who their leaders will be. B. make every decision concerning their governance. C. discuss all the potential consequences of specific actions. D. understand the difference between popular orators and natural leaders. Passage: The most formidable argument against the sovereignty of the masses is, however, derived from mechanical and technical impossibility of its realization. The sovereign masses are incapable of undertaking the most necessary resolutions. The impotence of direct democracy, like the power of indirect democracy, is a direct outcome of the influence of number. This passage states that the masses are inable to make decisions "...incapable of undertaking the most necessary resolutions" Resolution = decision