CPB 15001 Module 1 Basic Terms 2023 with verified questions and answers

Hematology the study of the physiology of the blood Clinical Chemistry the laboratory section that uses chemical principles to analyze blood and other body fluids for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes Urinalysis Test of urine used to detect and manage a wide range of disorders, infections, etc Cytology Diagnosis of disease by looking at single cells/small clusters of cells under a microscope Accuracy Closeness of results to the true quantitative value of the constituent Precision Magnitude of random errors and the reproducibility of measurements Reliability Ability of a method to be accurate or precise Standard operating procedure Set of step-by-step instructions compiled by an organization to help workers carry out complex routine operations Serum Fluid and solute component of blood, does not have a fxn in clotting Plasma Clear, straw colored liquid portion of blood that remains after RBCs, WBCs, platelets, and other cellular components are removed Reference intervals Set of values (range) deemed normal for a physiologic measurement in healthy animals. Basis of comparison for a physician or other health professional to interpret test results for a particular patient Fluorides (sodium) Preserved blood glucose (chelates calcium) Course focus knob Moves objects toward or away from specimen on stage Fine focus knob Fine tuning focus of specimen Condenser Adjusts amount of light/enhancement of resolution on specimen Condenser control lever Varies intensity and cone of light projected on specimen Condenser knob Raises and lowers height of condenser Focus adjustment ring Allows adjustment for distance between eyepieces Oculars Magnification of specimen Field diaphragm Controls amount of light entering condenser Inter pupillary distance adjustment ring Allows for adjustment between distance of pupils Rheostat light control knob Allows for adjustment of light entering field diaphragm Stage adjustment knobs Allow movement of slide Achromatic May have some blurring of specimen toward outer edges Planochromatic Flat field of view with entire field in focus -cytosis Increased number of cells in the bloodstream Erythrocytes RBCs Hemoglobin O2 carrying proteins in RBCs Planochromatic objective Flat field of view, entire field of view in focus Anisocytosis Variation in RBC size Refractometer Instrument used to read total protein and specific gravity Basophilic A blue color EDTA Anticoagulant most commonly used in hematology testing Hematology Study of blood Hemacytometer Cell counting chamber Poikilocytosis Variation in RBC shape Clinical Chemistry Determination of chemical constituents in the blood Binocular microscope Has 2 eyepieces Polychromasia Bluish-tinged RBCs Quality control Lab program to ensure the reliability of test results Condenser Focuses light onto the specimen Cytology Microscopic evaluation of exfoliated cells for diagnostic purposes purposes Urinalysis Evaluation of the physical, chemical, and microscopic properties of urine Anticoagulant Prevents whole blood from clotting CBC complete blood count Anemia Decrease below the reference interval in Hb, Hct, and RBC count -Penia Decreased number of cells in the blood Hematocrit Percentage of whole blood composed of RBCs Achromatic objective Rounded field of view, edges of field of view are blurred Is immersion oil used with 40x objective? No On the microscope, the condenser is raised or lowered by rotating the turret False Any coverslip may be used with a hemacytometer False The Buffy coat from a dog with leukopenia will be small True Hct is approximately equal to Hg level multiplied by 3 True Negative exponent numbers generally indicate a number greater than one False A common cause of macrocytosis (increased MCV) is due to an increase in immature erythrocytes in circulation True Reference intervals can be used interchangeably between different types of analyzers False Buffy coat is composed primarily of what? Platelets and WBCs Plasma that is dark or more intense yellow color than normal is what? Icteric When zeroing/calibrating the refractometer with distilled water, the specific gravity should read what? 1.000 Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) describes what? Average size of RBC When the RBC picture is described as microcytic, hypochromic, the RBCs? Have a decreased amount of Hg, are smaller than normal When making a blood film on an animal with low Hct, you may need to? Increase angle of the spreader slide When evaluating a blood film, you use the 100x immersion objective. If your microscope has 10x ocular lenses, what would the total magnification of the cells on the blood film be? 1000 times When carrying a microscope, it should be held by the? Base and the arm The oculars and objectives of a microscope should be cleaned with? Lens paper 8600 is written in scientific notation how? 8.6x10(4) A product that is analyzed using the same procedure used to analyze patient samples and used to verify test results is called a? Control A blood sample was collected from a canine pt, the red top tube was placed into the fridge and the serum was collected from that sample the following day. This is an example of what type of error? Preanalytical Which parts of a spun microhematocrit tube must be properly aligned on a card reader in order to read an accurate PCV? The separation of the RBCs and clay sealant, the air-plasma interface, and the separation between the Buffy coat and plasma Stage Slides are placed on it to be viewed Field diaphragm Regulates the amount of light entering the condenser Rheostat Adjusts the intensity of light entering the field diaphragm Ocular Eyepiece lenses that the specimen is viewed through Focus adjustment ring Allows focus adjustments to be made to the eyepiece Describe the characteristics of a good quality blood film No tails, holes, streaks, pressure lines, of fingerprints. Fills 3/4 of the slide without spilling over or being cut off slide by the machine. Stained well. Each part of film is easily decipherable Identify the 7 tests WBC, RBC, TP, blood film evaluation, Hct, Hg, RBC indices (MCV, MCHC, MCH) Identify the 3 areas of a blood film Body, monolayer, feathered edge When I look in the microscope, I see 2 of everything. What needs to be adjusted to only see 1 image? The distance between the eyepieces What number is used as the standard depth of a hemacytometer? 10 How many large squares are counted in a standard hemacytometer? 9 What dilution factor is used for a blood cell or platelet counting system? 100 If a sample is loaded directly onto the hemacytometer, what is the dilution factor? There isn't one What are the units for the hemacytometer calculations? Mm3 What measurements are used in describing the blood picture? MCV and MCHC Macrocytic Larger than normal RBCs Normocytic Normal sized RBCs Microcytic Smaller than normal RBCs Hypochromic Lower than normal concentration of hemoglobin in the average RBC Normochromic Normal amount of hemoglobin in the RBCs Hyperchromic Increase in the amount of hemoglobin in the RBCs Hemaglobin to PCV equals? Division by 3 PCV to hemaglobin equals? Multiplication by 3