AHA PALS Practice exam with all solutions complete

AHA PALS Practice exam with all solutions complete 1. A 5-year-old child presents with lethargy, increased work of breathing, and pale color. The primary assessment reveals that the airway is open and the respiratory rate is 30/min, with crackles heard on auscultation. The cardiac monitor shows sinus tachycardia at a rate of 165/min. The pulse oximeter displays an oxygen saturation of 95% and a pulse rate of 93/min. On the basis of this information, which of the following provides the best interpretation of the oxygen saturation of 95% by pulse oximetry? 2. A 3-year-old child was recently diagnosed with leukemia and has been treated with chemotherapy. The child presents with lethargy and a high fever. Heart rate is 195/min, respiratory rate is 36/min, blood pressure is 85/40 mm Hg, and capillary refill time is less than 2 seconds. What is the child's most likely condition? 3. A 2-week-old infant presents with irritability and a history of poor feeding. Blood pressure is 55/40 mm Hg. What term describes this infant's blood pressure? 4. During a resuscitation attempt, the team leader orders an initial dose of epinephrine at 0.1 mg/kg to be given 10. What should the team member do? 5. Which of the following is a characteristic of respiratory failure? 6. Which of the following is most likely to produce a prolonged expiratory phase and wheezing? 7. A 4-year-old child presents with seizures and irregular respirations. The seizures stopped a few minutes ago. Which of the following most likely to be abnormal? 8. What abnormality is most likely to be present in children with acute respiratory distress caused by lung tissue disease? 9. An alert 2-year-old child with an increased work of breathing and pink color is being evaluated. Heart rate is 110/min, and respiratory rate is 30/min. What would best describe this patient's condition? 10. The parents of a 7-year-old child who is undergoing chemotherapy report that the child has been febrile and has not been feeling well, with recent onset of lethargy. Assessment reveals the following: The child is difficult to arouse, with pale color. The child's heart rate is 160/min, respiratory rate is 30/min, blood pressure is 76/45 mm Hg, capillary refill time is 5 to 6 seconds, and temperature is 103°F (39.4°C). What is the most appropriate intervention? 11. A 2-year-old child presents with a 4-day history of vomiting. The initial impression reveals an unresponsive child with intermittent apnea and mottled color. Heart rate is 166/min, respiratory rate is now being supported with bag-mask ventilation, capillary refill time is 5 to 6 seconds, and temperature is 102°F (38.9°C). What is the best method of establishing immediate vascular access? 12. What is the appropriate fluid bolus to administer for a child with hypovolemic shock with adequate myocardial function? 13. An alert toddler presents with a barking cough, moderate stridor, and moderate retractions. The child's color is pink. What is the most appropriate initial intervention? 14. An 8-year-old child presents with a history of vomiting and diarrhea. The child has the following vital signs: heart rate 168/min, respiratory rate 15/min, blood pressure 9060 mm Hg, and temperature 98.6°F (37°C). The child's capillary refill time is 4 seconds. After 2 IV boluses of normal saline (20 mL/kg each), the child's vital signs are now as follows: heart rate 130/min, respiratory rate 16/min, blood pressure 94/62 mm Hg, capillary refill 2 seconds, and temperature 98.6°F (37°C). The child's urine output is 1 to 2 mL/kg in the past hour. The child is still lethargic. What diagnostic tests or information should be obtained first? 15. A 15-year-old boy presents with acute onset of severe respiratory distress, with retractions and an oxygen saturation of 85%. His trachea is deviated to the right, and there are no breath sounds on the left. His heart rate is 140/min, his blood pressure is 84/60 mm Hg, and his capillary refill time is 3 seconds. What is the most appropriate intervention?