Anatomy of Orofacial Structures, 8th Edition Brand/Isselhard Test Bank Complete

Anatomy of Orofacial Structures, 8th Edition Brand/Isselhard Test Bank Complete. The small bony growths that commonly occur on the buccal cortical plate of the maxillae and the mandible are called a. torus palatinus b. mandibular tori c. exostoses d. maxillary tuberosity ANS: C Exostoses, small bony growths that occur on the buccal cortical plate on the mandible and the maxillae, are seen in a large portion of the population. They are normally inconsequential unless they become tender or a denture is needed. Exostoses occur more frequently on the mandible than on the maxillae. Torus palatinus are excess bony growths that commonly occur in the midline of the palate. Mandibular tori are bony swellings that frequently occur on the lingual surface of the mandible at the canine area. The maxillary tuberosity is a rounded bony protrusion in the area of the third molar. REF: p. 4 OBJ: To define the terms vestibule, oral cavity proper, mucobuccal fold, frenum, alveolar mucosa, gingiva, exostoses, torus palatinus, and torus mandibularis NAT: CDA: GC I.A.2. Identify basic oral anatomy and physiology, including but not limited to: bones. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering 10. Which structure is the MOST vascular in appearance? a. Mucogingival junction b. Alveolar mucosa c. Labial frenum d. Gingiva ANS: B The alveolar mucosa, a thin layer of loosely attached and movable tissue, covers a highly vascular area. The presence of blood vessels immediately under this relatively thin mucosa is responsible for the general reddish color. By contrast, the mucogingival junction that divides the attached gingiva from the alveolar mucosa appears more pink in color. The gingiva and labial frenum also appear pink in color. REF: p. 2 OBJ: To define the terms vestibule, oral cavity proper, mucobuccal fold, frenum, alveolar mucosa, gingiva, exostoses, torus palatinus, and torus mandibularis NAT: CDA: GC I.A.6. Identify basic oral anatomy and physiology, including but not limited to: oral cavity. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering 11. Although a patient presenting with painful areas throughout the oral cavity or a child presenting with gingival bleeding in the presence of excellent oral hygiene should be monitored carefully, referral to a dental specialist or physician is not indicated. A patient with a red and painful tongue does warrant such a referral as does a patient with moderate plaque on all teeth. Anatomy of Orofacial Structures 8th Edition Brand Test Bank a. Both statements are true. b. The first statement is true; the second statement is false. c. The first statement is false, the second statement is true. d. Both statements are false. ANS: D Of the four situations presented in this two-part question, only the patient with moderate plaque on all teeth does NOT warrant referral to a specialist. This patient should receive appropriate oral hygiene instructions, oral debridement, and be carefully monitored with short re-care appointments. The remaining three oral conditions described in the question describe conditions suggestive of systemic involvement and warrant further investigation, typically referral to a dental specialist or physician. In particular, gingival bleeding in the presence of excellent oral hygiene is a possible early sign of leukemia. REF: p. 8 OBJ: To differentiate normal from abnormal anatomy in the oral cavity and to ensure a follow-up examination NAT: CDA: GC I.A.1. Identify basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology and development, including but not limited to: oral cavity. TOP: BLOOM: Analyzing 12. Which structure is most closely located to the lingual frenum? a. Sublingual caruncle b. Sublingual salivary gland c. Sublingual fold d. Lingual tonsils e. All of the above ANS: A The sublingual caruncle, a small elevation on each side of the base of the lingual frenum, is the opening for the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands. Of the structures provided in the question, it is located most closely to the lingual frenum. The sublingual fold extends posteriorly from the sublingual caruncle. The lingual tonsils are located at the base of the tongue. REF: p. 7 OBJ: To define the landmarks in the floor of the mouth and the hard and soft palate and the structures that form them NAT: CDA: GC I.A.6. Identify basic oral anatomy and physiology, including but not limited to: oral cavity. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering 13. The term for misplaced sebaceous glands occurring in the oral cavity is rugae. These harmless, yellowish granular structures occur in about 60% to 80% of the population. a. Both statements are true. b. The first statement is true; the second statement is false. c. The first statement is false; the second statement is true. d. Both statements are false. ANS: C Anatomy of Orofacial Structures 8th Edition Brand Test Bank U S N T O Fordyce granules are misplaced sebaceous glands found in the oral cavity. These glands are normally associated with hair follicles, which are normally located in the skin. The most common locations for Fordyce granules are the lips, cheeks, and retromolar pads. Rugae are hard transverse ridges of epithelial and connective tissue located in the anterior portion of the hard palate. REF: p. 5 OBJ: To differentiate normal from abnormal anatomy in the oral cavity and to ensure a follow-up examination NAT: CDA: GC I.A.6. Identify basic oral anatomy and physiology, including but not limited to: oral cavity. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering 14. Of the following structures, which is the MOST susceptible to trauma? a. Hard palate b. Buccal mucosa c. Floor of the mouth d. Dorsal surface of the tongue e. Attached gingiva ANS: C Although any oral tissue may be traumatized, the tissue in the floor of the mouth is one of the thinnest and thus very conducive to trauma. The hard palate and the attached gingiva have a more protective, fibrous nature. The dorsal (top) tongue and the buccal mucosa also have more protective features than does the mucosal lining on the floor of the mouth. Not listed as a selection, the ventral (lower) surface of the tongue is quite vulnerable to trauma. REF: p. 7 OBJ: To define the landmarksNin tRhe flIoor Gof thBe.mCouthMand the hard and soft palate and the structures that form them NAT: CDA: GC I.A.6. Identify basic oral anatomy and physiology, including but not limited to: oral cavity. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering 15. A generally healthy man in his forties is curious about “little raised yellow spots” on his buccal mucosa. He has noticed them in the past but they do not seem to cause problems or become larger, so has not previously asked about them. These areas are MOST likely a. vallate papillae b. Kaposi’s spots c. Fordyce granules d. measles ANS: C Fordyce granules are ectopic, or misplaced, sebaceous glands that occur on oral mucosal surfaces. They appear as small raised yellowish or whitish spots. Although alarming to patients, these formations are harmless. Vallate papillae, also called circumvallate papillae, are the large V-shaped row of taste buds located on the posterior dorsum of the tongue. Kaposi’s spots, associated with immunodeficiency, are red and painful. Measles can appear anywhere on the body, including the oral cavity, and are red in color. REF: p. 4 OBJ: To differentiate normal from abnormal anatomy in the oral cavity and to ensure a follow-up examination NAT: CDA: GC I.A.3. Identify basic oral anatomy and physiology, including but not limited to: Anatomy of Orofacial Structures 8th Edition Brand Test Bank NURSI glands/lymphatics. TOP: BLOOM: Understanding 16. Fordyce granules normally function as a. taste buds b. a characteristic of a malignancy c. sebaceous glands d. an infectious viral illness ANS: C Fordyce granules are misplaced sebaceous glands that appear as very small yellowish granular structures on oral mucosal surfaces in the oral cavity of 60% to 80% of the population. Sebaceous glands normally occur in the skin; when they are present in the oral cavity they are considered misplaced, or ectopic. Although Fordyce granules may be alarming to patients, they are harmless. They most commonly occur in the mucosa of the lips, cheeks, retromolar pads, and gingival tissues. REF: p. 4 OBJ: To differentiate normal from abnormal anatomy in the oral cavity and to ensure a follow-up examination NAT: CDA: GC I.A.3. Identify basic oral anatomy and physiology, including but not limited to: glands/lymphatics. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering 17. In the following illustration, structure “a” is the a. mucobuccal fold b. maxillary labial frenum c. mandibular labial frenum d. mucogingival junction ANS: B At the midline of the upper lip, a fold of connective tissue known as the maxillary labial frenum can be found. A corresponding structure, the mandibular labial frenum, is present at the midline of the lower lip. The upper frenum is usually more pronounced than the lower. Both structures, as well as additional less well-defined frena, serve to attach the lips to the arch and contain only connective tissue. Structure “b” is the mandibular labial frenum. Structure “c” is the mucogingival junction. Structure “d” is the mucobuccal fold.