Pearson Edexcel Mark Scheme (Results) Summer 2022 Mark Scheme (Results) Summer 2022 Pearson Edexcel GCSE In Geography Spec A (1GA0) Paper 01 Edexcel and BTEC Qualifications

Pearson Edexcel Mark Scheme (Results) Summer 2022 Mark Scheme (Results) Summer 2022 Pearson Edexcel GCSE In Geography Spec A (1GA0) Paper 01 Edexcel and BTEC Qualifications Edexcel and BTEC qualifications are awarded by Pearson, the UK’s largest awarding body. We provide a wide range of qualifications including academic, vocational, occupational and specific programmes for employers. For further information visit our qualifications websites at or . Alternatively, you can get in touch with us using the details on our contact us page at Pearson: helping people progress, everywhere Pearson aspires to be the world’s leading learning company. Our aim is to help everyone progress in their lives through education. We believe in every kind of learning, for all kinds of people, wherever they are in the world. We’ve been involved in education for over 150 years, and by working across 70 countries, in 100 languages, we have built an international reputation for our commitment to high standards and raising achievement through innovation in education. Find out more about how we can help you and your students at: Summer 2022 Publications Code 1GA0_01_2206_MS All the material in this publication is copyright © Pearson Education Ltd 2022 General Marking Guidance  All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must mark the first candidate in exactly the same way as they mark the last.  Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be rewarded for what they have shown they can do rather than penalised for omissions.  Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not according to their perception of where the grade boundaries may lie.  There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark scheme should be used appropriately.  All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded. Examiners should always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if the answer matches the mark scheme. Examiners should also be prepared to award zero marks if the candidate’s response is not worthy of credit according to the mark scheme.  Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide the principles by which marks will be awarded and exemplification may be limited.  When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the mark scheme to a candidate’s response, the team leader must be consulted.  Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has replaced it with an alternative response. Paper 1 Mark scheme Question number Answer Mark 1 (a) Award 1 mark for one of the following, maximum 1 mark Gneiss (1) Marble (1) Quartzite (1) Schist (1) Slate (1) Accept any other appropriate response (1) Question number Answer Mark 1 (b) Award 1 mark for one of the following, maximum 1 mark Layers (1) Compaction/cementation (1) Oldest rocks are at the bottom/youngest at the top (1) May contain fossils (1) Variety of colour (1) Permeable / impermeable (1) Comment about resistance (1) Hard/soft (1) Do not accept statements about location Accept any other appropriate response (1) Question number Answer Mark 1 (c) Award 1 mark for a reason and a further 1 mark for extension through explanation, up to a maximum of 2 marks. Large crystals form when magma cools (slowly) (1) because it forms underground (1). Intrusive rock / molten rock underground (1) cools down (slowly) to form big crystals (1). Accept any other appropriate response. (2) Question number Answer Mark 1(d) (i) C – Woodland The land use at X is woodland. It is not buildings, a railway or a youth hostel. (1) Question number Answer Mark 1(d) (ii) Harberton (1) Question number Answer Mark 2 (a) A – arch The landform is an arch. It is not any of the other landforms listed. (1) Question number Answer Mark 2 (b) Award 1 mark for one of the following, maximum of 1 mark. Rock falls / slides Soil creep Slippage Slumping Accept any other appropriate response. (1) Question number Answer Mark 2 (c) Award 1 mark for a way that constructive waves can affect beaches and a further 1 mark for extension through explanation, up to a maximum of 2 marks. Constructive waves deposit material onto the beach (1) because they have a strong swash (1) Beaches are built up by constructive waves (1) because their swash is stronger than their backwash (1). They have a strong swash (1) which leads to gentle sloping beaches (1). Accept any other appropriate response. (2) Question number Answer 2 (d) AO3 (4 marks)/ AO4 (4 marks) AO3  The rate of coastal erosion is generally higher on the boulder clay than on the chalk.  This is because the clay is less resistant and therefore erodes more rapidly than the more resistant chalk.  As the surface geology along the southern part of the coastline is boulder clay, rates of erosion are generally higher here.  The rate of coastal erosion is also lower where coastal defences are in place.  For example, at both Hornsea and Bridlington there is a sea wall and groynes. The sea wall reflects the wave energy while the groynes trap the beach sediment being transported along the coastline by longshore drift building the beach up. The wider beach then absorbs the wave energy, reducing the rate of coastal erosion.  The rock groynes at Mappleton also protect the coastline here in a similar fashion.  At Withernsea there are revetments which absorb wave energy and help to reduce rates of coastal erosion here.  However, groynes starve beaches further along the coastline of sediment and may lead to greater erosion here. This is shown by the peaks in the rate of erosion at Tunstall and Holmpton. AO4  The rate of erosion varies along the coastline.  The rate is highest between Aldbrough and Tunstall and near Holmpton.  The highest rate of erosion is around 5.25m per year near Holmpton.  There are several stretches along the coastline where there is no recorded coastal erosion. For example near Hornsea, Withernsea and Easington.  The longshore drift direction is from the north-west to the south-east which will be transporting sediment in this direction.  The rate of coastal erosion is greatest on the area of boulder clay.  It is generally higher in the south.  The rate of coastal erosion is lower on the area of chalk in the northern part of the coastline. Level Mark Descriptor 0 No rewardable material. Level 1 1–3  Attempts to apply understanding to deconstruct information but understanding and connections are flawed. An unbalanced or incomplete argument that provides limited synthesis of understanding. Judgements that are supported by limited evidence. (AO3)  Uses some geographical skills to obtain information with limited relevance and accuracy, which supports few aspects of the argument. (AO4) Level 2 4–6  Applies understanding to deconstruct information and provide some logical connections between concepts. An unbalanced argument that synthesises mostly relevant understanding, but not entirely coherently, leading to judgements that are supported by evidence occasionally. (AO3)  Uses geographical skills to obtain accurate information that supports some aspects of the argument. (AO4) Level 3 7–8  Applies understanding to deconstruct information and provide logical connections between concepts throughout. A balanced, well-developed argument that synthesises relevant understanding coherently leading to judgements that are supported by evidence throughout. (AO3)  Uses geographical skills to obtain accurate information that supports all aspects of the argument. (AO4) Question number Answer Mark 3 (a) A – Floodplain The landform is a floodplain. It is not any of the other landforms listed. (1) Question number Answer Mark 3 (b) Award 1 mark for one of the following, maximum of 1 mark. Longshore drift (1) Saltation (1) Solution (1) Suspension (1) Traction (1) (1) Question number Answer Mark 3 (c) Award 1 mark for a reason why sediment size usually decreases downstream and a further 1 mark for extension through explanation, up to a maximum of 2 marks. Sediment can hit each other as it is transported (1) which leads to pieces being broken off (1). As the sediment is transported downstream it is worn down (1) because of the process of abrasion (1). As the sediment is transported downstream material is dissolved in water (1) because of the process of solution (1). Sediment size can decrease due to erosion (1) because material collides with each other as it is transported downstream (1) Accept any other appropriate response. (2) Question number Answer 3 (d) AO3 (4 marks)/ AO4 (4 marks) AO3  The waterfalls have been formed due to a combination of erosional processes and geology.  The stretch of river is located in the upper course meaning that there is greater vertical erosion.  There is a band of more easily eroded rock on top of less easily eroded rock.  Hydraulic action occurs as the water falls over the lip of the waterfall and splashes on to its backwall.  This creates a deep pool of water known as a plunge pool at the base of the waterfall.  This is made wider and deeper by the processes of abrasion and solution.  In the case of abrasion, sediment carried by the water will wear away at the rock.  Solution involves acids in the water dissolving some rock types.  Over time, the erosion of the rocks cuts back into the backwall of the waterfall creating an overhang.  Eventually the more resistant rock above the overhang will no longer be able to support its weight and it will collapse due to gravity.  As High Force has retreated it has left a steep-sided gorge in front. AO4  There are four waterfalls in this area (e.g. High Force, Bleabeck Force and Low Force).  The band of less easily eroded igneous rock is on top of the band of more easily eroded sedimentary rock.  The contour lines are close together showing steep relief in the upper course of the river.  The river flowing over High Force is flowing from south-west to north-east.  The river flowing over Low Force is flowing from north-west to south-east.  At the top of High Force waterfall the river channel is narrow.  The river drops from 350m above sea level above High Force to approximately 290m above sea level below it.  There is a steep drop in the river where the water plunges over the waterfall.  The water is very turbulent as it falls down the waterfall.  At the base of the waterfall the river channel becomes much wider.  There is a steep sided gorge in front of High Force.  The waterfall is surrounded by deciduous (non-coniferous) woodland.  High Force is located in grid square 8828 (6 figure GR approximately ).  Low Force is located in grid square 9028 (6 figure GR approximately ). Level Mark Descriptor 0 No rewardable material. Level 1 1–3  Attempts to apply understanding to deconstruct information but understanding and connections are flawed. An unbalanced or incomplete argument that provides limited synthesis of understanding. Judgements that are supported by limited evidence. (AO3)  Uses some geographical skills to obtain information with limited relevance and accuracy, which supports few aspects of the argument. (AO4) Level 2 4–6  Applies understanding to deconstruct information and provide some logical connections between concepts. An unbalanced argument that synthesises mostly relevant understanding, but not entirely coherently, leading to judgements that are supported by evidence occasionally. (AO3)  Uses geographical skills to obtain accurate information that supports some aspects of the argument. (AO4) Level 3 7–8  Applies understanding to deconstruct information and provide logical connections between concepts throughout. A balanced, well-developed argument that synthesises relevant understanding coherently leading to judgements that are supported by evidence throughout. (AO3)  Uses geographical skills to obtain accurate information that supports all aspects of the argument. (AO4) Question number Answer Mark 4 (a) B – Corrie The landform is a corrie. It is not any of the other landforms listed. (1) Question number Answer Mark 4 (b) Award 1 mark for one of the following, maximum of 1 mark. Abrasion (1) Plucking (1) (1) Question number Answer Mark 4 (c) Award 1 mark for an impact of freeze thaw weathering on the landscape and a further 1 mark for extension through explanation of process, up to a maximum of 2 marks. Freeze thaw weathering breaks rocks apart (1) because water expands as it freezes (1). Repeated cycles of expansion and contraction (1) lead to rocks breaking apart (1). Scree slopes / blockfields can be pr