DAT EXAM STUDY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% CORRECT

DAT EXAM STUDY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% CORRECT compound interest 30 60 90 triangle 45 45 90 triangle Solubitlity Rules 1) group 1, NO3-, NH4+, ClO4-, C2H3O2- (acetate) soluble salt 2) Most Ag+, Pb2+, Hg2 (2+) salt insoluble (exept when paired with above). Plant Hormones (A CAGE) Auxin / IAA (indoleacetic acid): plant growth, elongation, phototropism Cytokinin: stimulates cytokinesis Abscisic Acid (ABA): growth inhibitor. delay growth. Gibberellins: cell growth Ethylene: gas, ripen fruit and leaf abscission Anterior Pituitary Hormones (FLAT PEG) TROPIC HORMONES (Middleman) FSH (follicle stim H): Maintain egg/ spermatogenesi LH (luteinizing H): Cause ovulation / produce testosterone ACTH (adrenocorticotropic H): activate adrenal cortex TSH (Tyrhoid stim H): activate thyroid DIRECT HORMONE Prolactin: cause lactation (positive feedback) Endorphine: inhibit pain receptor GH (Growth Hormone): induce growth and also anabolic process Posterior Pituitary Hormones (2) Oxitoxin: female contraction and lactation (positive feedback) Vasopressin (ADH): anti-diuretic hormone, signal kidney to absorb water (concentrate urine) Adrenal Cortex Hormones (GLamorous and FAscinating how REdiculous that it makes Testosterone) In the cortex: (Top)Zona Glomerulosa: mineralcorticoid -- aldosterone (reg Na reabsorption) (Mid)Zona Fasciculata: glucocorticoid -- cortisol (incr blood sugar, suppress imm system, released when you are stress) (Bottom)Zona Reticulbiris: androgens -- testosterone (secondary sex characteristics, and thus women also produce testosterone) In the medulla: (Deep core) catecholemines -- epinephrine and norepinephrine (adrenal sympathetic response, fight or flight) Taxonomy (Dumb King Plays Chess On Fine Green Silk) Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species 6 Kingdoms Bob And Paul Always Fold Papers Bacteria Archaea Protista (paramecium, hydra, euglena (flagellum and chloriplast), algae, volvox = plantlike) Fungi Plantae Animalia monera (blue green algae and bacteria) RBC WBC MACROPHATE AND NEUTROPHILS PLASMA CELLS MAST CELLS O2 infection phagocytosis antibody histamine release clathrin participates in endocytosis by forming a polyhedral lattice around coated pits cell-mediated, choleserol enter killer t cells involved in destroyer cancer cells kill cells w/ antigen development in thymus and don't release antibodies use protein perforin to lyse their targets Interleukin 1 and 2 1 is made by macrophages 2 is made by helper t cells they activate cytotoxic cells, b cells and other helper t cells helper t cells specific target for virus that causes AIDS/HIV plasmodium cause malaria, from sporazoans ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny embryonic stage of development of an organism repeat the evolutionary history of the species What are chlorophyll a, b, c, d site of photosynthesis where light is absorbed and turned into E that excite electrons c and d in algae type a (P700 and P680) 3 types of germ layer Ectoderm: (SEEN THEN) Sweat glands, epidermis, eye (lens and cornea), nervous sys (CNS brain), tooth enamel, hair, epithelial lining of mouth/rectum, nails Mesoderm: (SMALL RED MC Not Good) skeleton, musc, adrenal cortex, lining of body cavity, lymphatic sys, reproductive organs, excretory sys (kidney), dermis, musc layer of DI tract, circulatory sys (blood and heart), notochord, gonads Endoderm: (PET RULE) Pancreas, epithelial lining of DI tract, thyroid, reproductive tract lining (lungs), urinary track lining (bladder), liver, epithelial lining of respiratory Hardy-weinberg requirements for a stable gene pool / non evolving population (idealized conditions = equilibrium) LARGE RANDOM M&M large pop Random mating No natural selection No migration/mutation genes all equally successful at reproducing Two types of angiosperm dicotyledon/dicots: 2 cotyledon (storage tissue, nutrition), netted/branched leaves, 4s/5s multi flower parts, bascular bundle organized in a circle, taproot (large single) monocotyledons/monocots: 1 cotyledon, parallel leaves, 3s/multiple flower parts, scattered vascular bundles, fibrous system (cluster of many fine roots) What are the monosacc compositions of the following: maltose lactose (milk) sucrose (table sugar) 2 glucose (Mal to have 2 much glucose) glucose, galactose (galaxy lacks glucose) glucose, fructose (fruits have sugary glucose) What are the 5 layers of epidermis (out to in) CORN LOVERS GROW SEVERAL BARRELS stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, and stratum basale. bones vs cartilage bone to bone bone to musc Bones have Blood. cartiLage Lack blood Bone-Ligament-Bone = Boys Love Basketballs Bone-Tendon-Musc = Boys Turn Men Passage sperm through male tract SEVEN UP seminiferous tubules testes, epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct, N(othing), Urethra, Penis sebaceous glands on skin secrete oil (NOT SWEAT) on surface skin keep pH acidic (4-6) and decr bact growth 4 major types of cells in CNS Astrocytes: maintain blood-brain barriers and regulate nutrients/gas concen dissolved, and absorb/recycle NT oligodendrocytes: myelinate axons and structure framework microglia: remove debris and pathogens ependymal cells: line brain ventricles and aid in production, circulation and monitoring of cerebral spinal fluid 3 types glial astrocyte (CNS): maintain homeostasis, reg glucose and O2 delivery in neurons schwann cells (PNS): MYELIN oligodendrocyte (CNS): MYELIN 2 major types of cells in PNS satellite cells: surround neuron cell bodies in ganglia schwann cells: enclose axons and myelination of peripheral axons. What is a holoenzyme? An enzyme (apoenzyme) united with the cofactor coenzymes = organic cofactor inorganic cofactors include Fe and Mg What is a glycocalyx? A carb coat that covers the outer face of the cell wall of some bacteria and the outer face of the plasma membrane of certain animal cells. It consists of various oligosaccharides that are attached to membrane phospholipids (glycolipids) and proteins (such as the glycoproteins of recognition proteins). May provide adhesive capabilities, a barrier to infection, or markers for cell-cell recognition. What are 3 types of protein fibers? Protein fibers are involved in establishing shape and movement of the cytoskeleton 1) Microtubules (widest): tubulin and provides support/motility (spindle apparatus in chromosome division, flagella, and cilia). 2) Intermed Filament: support and maintain shape (eg keratin) 3) Microfilament (skinnest): actin involved in cell motility (muscle cells) What are microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs)? Made of centrioles and basal bodies. A pair of centrioles enclosed in a centrosome, which is the apparatus used during cell div. Microtubules from each MTOC connect to a specialized region in the centromere called a kinetochore Basal bodies are the base of each flagellum and cilium. What is a plasmodesmata? It is a communicating junction Narrow channels between plant cells. A narrow tube of endoplasmic reticulum, called a desmotubule, surrounded by cytoplasm and the plasma membrane, passes through the channel. Material exchange occurs through the cytoplasm surrounding the desmotubule. What is a desmosome? Present in anchoring junction of adj animal cells Proteins (including keratin) that bind adjacent cells together, providing mechanical stability to tissues. Associated with protein filaments that extend into the interior of the cell and serve to hold cellular structures together.