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Samenvatting Celorganellen

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De functies en dergelijke van de celorganellen (uit de cursus).

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De celorganellen
1. De Mitochondrien:


Vorm: Rond/ staafvorm + enzymen + veel ATP (sperma)

Functie:

- Celademhaling --> verbranding glucose
- ADP --> ATP (oxidatieve fosforylatie) plant (chloroplast): fosforylatie

Membraan: Dubbel --> eigen (binnen) + membraan van E.R.

Grootte: 1 – 2 µm

Ontstaan: Endosymbiose = samenleven prokaryoot + voorloper eukaryoot



Speciaal: Cristae
= Plooien in binnenste membraan
Vorm: matrix + mitochondriaal DNA + mitoribosomen + eigen RNA + aantal varieert + in groep




Eigenschap: Dynamisch = fusie en fissie

Ziektes: Mitochondriale encefalomyopathie:

Reden: aantal mitochondria omhoog resultaat: spiercellen misvormd, rare bewegingen

Processen:

Fusie en fissie

1. Mitochondria gesplitst door prote
2. Insnoering
3. 2 ingesnoerde mitochondria samen = fuseren tot 1 grote

, Jarno Vandamme Cel – en wefselbiologie 1ste bachelor farmacie



Celademhaling:

1. Glycolyse:

Glucose wordt geoxideerd tot pyruvaat

Pyruvaat wordt geoxideerd tot acetyl co – enzym A



2. Citroenzuurcyclus (= Krebscyclus):

Acetyl co-enzym A: opnieuw gebruikt

H2O + CO2 gevormd

NAD+ gereduceerd tot NADPH



3. Elektronentransport en protonengradient: (intermediare ruimte)

= Onttrekkken e- (e- gradient gevormd)

Energie overgedragen in kleine porties

H+ buiten (tegen de gradient in)



4. ATP-synthese:

Door de ATP-synthase

H+ van buiten naar binnen laten vloeien

= Energie gevormd (ADP + P wordt ATP (Oxidatieve fosforylatie))

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April 17, 2023
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