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Samenvatting H8: smaak

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8: SMAAK

8.1 INLEIDING


Gustatief systeem
 Controle voedselopname
 Hedonisch kompas: wat kunnen we opeten?


5 basissmaken
1. Zoet
Ø E-rijke nutriënten
2. Umami
Ø AZ (glutamaat)
3. Zout
Ø Elektrolytenbalans
4. Zuur
Ø Toxische stoffen
5. Bitter
Ø Toxische stoffen


Relatie chemische structuur - smaak
MAAR soms uiteenlopende chemische structuren zelfde smaak
bv. suikers, bepaalde EW (monelline) en artificiële zoetstoffen (aspartaam)


Variëteit smaken onderscheiden door
 Combinaties basissmaken,
 Gelijktijdige werking geur
 Receptoren voor textuur, temperatuur en pijn
bv. TRPV1-kanalen en pepers
 Proeven is samenspel v smaak, reuk en somesthesie


Smaak sterk beïnvloed door emotionele en motivationele factoren
1

, 8.2 HET PERIFEER SENSORIËLE APPARAAT




Staan in voor 5 basissmaken
50-100 opeengeplakte chemisch gevoelige deel apicaal
smaakreceptorcellen (waar microvilli in porus projecteren)




Smaakknoppen in keel en gehemelte




vooraan: fungiformis
Gegroepeerd in 3 achteraan thv tongrand: foliatae
soorten papillen op middellijn achteraan:
circumvallatae




Figuur 8.1. Smaakpapillen verschillen qua morfologie en locatie. Smaakreceptorcellen in de smaakknoppen
hebben microvilli apicaal en maken basaal synaps met gustatieve afferenten.




Bij hogere concentraties verdwijnt selectiviteit papil
≠ types smaakcellen per smaakknop


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