Fundamentals of Nursing Test 1 with complete solution

Fundamentals of Nursing Test 1 Sojourner Truth - Abolitionist/nurse during the Civil War Harriet Tubman - Underground railroad Dorothea Dix - Union Superintendent of Nurses during Civil War Florence Nightingale - Founder of Modern Nursing Clara Barton - Organized the American Red Cross Morals - Process of learning difference between right and wrong Values - Enduring beliefs or attitudes about the worth of a person, object, idea, or action Fidelity - Be faithful to agreements/contracts Justice - Fairness Non-maleficence - Do no harm Autonomy - Making your own decisions Veracity - Telling the truth Code of Ethics - Understanding Nursing Professional Conduct Internal variables - biologic/psychologic/cognitive External variables - environment/standards of living/religious beliefs Illness-Wellness continuum - Travis Health - presence or absence of disease Wellness - Self-responsibility or growing process Dimensions of Wellness - environmental, social, physical, emotional, occupational Models of health - clinical, adaptive, role performance Clinical Model - people viewed as physiologic systems Role performance - ability to fill societal roles Adaptive model - creative process Health-illness continuum - Measures a person's perceived level of wellness Disease - alteration in body function Acute illness - symptoms that last a relatively short time Chronic illness - Symptoms that last for a longer period of time One of Parson's four aspects of sick role - clients are not held responsible for their own conditions ANA definition of Nursing - Protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and population. Recipients of Nursing - Consumer, patient, client Scope of Nursing Practice - promotion of health and wellness prevention of illness restoration of health care for the dying Nurse practice acts - Common purpose legal acts regulate practice jurisdiction specific Change Agent - assists clients to make modifications in their behavior, and in the system to help client return to health Case manager - usually coordinates care plan for patient Criteria of a profession - prolonged, specialized education orientation toward service ongoing research code of ethics autonomy professional organization *Nurses place high value on worth/dignity which requires INTEGRITY* Benner's stages of Nursing expertise - Stage 1- novice Stage 2- advanced beginner Stage 3- competent Stage 4- proficient Stage 5- expert Health promotion is best represented by: - Preventing accidents at home 6 major moral principles of Nursing - Autonomy- make own decisions Non-maleficence- do no harm beneficence- try to do right justice- fairness fidelity- faithful to agreements/promises veracity- truth What is the overall goal of being a client's advocate? - Protect them Four phases of the helping relationship - preinteraction introductory working (maintaining) termination A student nurse is caring for a 72 y/o client with Alzheimer's disease who is very confused. Which is the most appropriate communication strategy to be used by the student nurse? - Gentle touch while providing ADL's The nurse is communicating with a well oriented adult client in a long term care setting. Which statement best reflects respectful and caring communication? - "Are you comfortable, Mrs. Smith?" Microroganisms associated with infection - Bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites Signs of localized infection include - localized swelling, redness, pain or tenderness with palpation or movement, palpable heat in the infected area, loss of function of specific body part, specific area Signs of systemic infection - Fever, increased pulse and respiratory rate if fever is high, malaise and loss of energy, anorexia (loss of apetite), nausea, vomiting, enlargement/tenderness of lymph nodes that drain area of infection Viral infection - low WBC count Bacterial infection - high WBC count WBC normal count - 5.0- 10.0 below 5- viral above 5- bacterial ESR: Male- <15mm/hr