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Réactivité: Les Alcools

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Cours de M. Chavignon, Paces Premier semestre, réactivité

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October 12, 2016
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Written in
2015/2016
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UE 1 Réactivité – Fonctions monovalentes - Alcools O. Chavignon



Alcools
1 GENERALITES ........................................................................................................................................... 1

1 PROPRIETES ACIDES ................................................................................................................................. 2

1.1 ACIDITE EN MILIEU INORGANIQUE .................................................................................................................. 2
1.2 ACIDITE EN MILIEU ORGANIQUE ..................................................................................................................... 2
1.3 REACTIONS LIEES A LA MOBILITE DE H ............................................................................................................. 2

2 PROPRIETES NUCLEOPHILES ET BASIQUES ............................................................................................... 3

1.4 SUBSTITUTION NUCLEOPHILE SUR CENTRE ELECTROPHILE .................................................................................... 3
1.4.1 Réactions avec acides ........................................................................................................................ 3
1.4.2 Réactions avec halogénures d’acides ................................................................................................ 4
1.4.3 Réactions avec anhydrides d’acides .................................................................................................. 4
1.4.4 Réactions avec le tribromure de phosphore (PBr3) ............................................................................ 4
1.4.5 Réactions avec le chlorure de thionyle (SOCl2) .................................................................................. 4
1.4.6 Réactions avec les chlorures de sulfonyle .......................................................................................... 5
1.5 PROPRIETES BASIQUES (AVEC OXONIUM) ......................................................................................................... 6
1.5.1 Réactions avec alcools III ................................................................................................................... 6
1.5.2 Réaction de déshydratation intermoléculaire ................................................................................... 6

3 ELIMINATIONS ......................................................................................................................................... 7

4 OXYDOREDUCTIONS ................................................................................................................................ 8




1 Généralités
Alcools = notés ROH / Trois classes d’alcools :




Alcools particuliers = phénols

 Réactivité particulière  hydroxy porté par carbone sp² au lieu de sp3

Réactivité




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