EDF 6437 Single case design Exam 1 with complete solutions

True Experimental Research - Answer- Uses experimental design to measure the effect of manipulating one variable (IV) on another variable (DV) Controlling and minimizing threats to internal validity without losing the intent of the study. Independent Variable (IV) - Answer- Particular aspect of the environment that the experimenter manipulates in order to determine its effect on behavior. Empirical Research - Answer- systematic intentional inquiry involving collection, analysis, and interpretation of data.• Data can be qualitative or quantitative• Hypothesis is posed, variables manipulated, data collected and analyzed.• Not opinion based Dependent variable - Answer- Behavior you are targeting ( Outcome measure/Target Behavior) How is research shared: - Answer- Articles- Empirical Studies- Literature Reviews- Theoretical Articles-Methodological Articles-Case Studies Single Case Design - Answer- experimental control within a single participant What is an experiment? - Answer- Method used to answer questions.• Differs from common sense and logical-based approaches• Systematic testing of assumptions what is Thorndike known for - Answer- Thorndike (1898)- Law of effect, learning of new behaviors Components of an Experiment - Answer- Plan (method) or arranging and measuring independent/dependent variables, Results are analyzed Results are publicly reported Assumptions of Experimentation - Answer- 1. Correlation does not equal causation!!!!! 2. Events have identified causes. 3. Behavior is a function of its consequences. Empiricism - Answer- Making objective observations• Manipulating one variable at a time• Holding other variables constant• Recording findings• Replicating results Experimental Control - Answer- Requires the experimenter to demonstrate a functional relation between behavior and environment. • It may happen naturally but experimental control is achieved when the experimenter creates the opportunity for "it" to happen • A predictable change in behavior (dependent variable) • Reliably produced by the systematic manipulation of some aspect of the person's environment (independent variabl establishing experimental control setting - Answer- "Control the environment and you will see order in behavior." (Skinner, 1967, p.399) - Control two sets of environmental variables to demonstrate experimental control - Independent variable Presenting, withdrawing, or varying its value - Extraneous variables Prevent unplanned environmental variatio Essentials for Experimental Control - Answer- Internal Validity • Control of confounding variables • Manipulate the independent variable while holding other variables constant internal validity - Answer- The extent to which an experiment shows convincingly that changes in behavior are a function of the independent variable and not the results of uncontrolled or unknown variables what is the goal of single case design - Answer- The goal of single case design is to establish experimental control. functional relation - Answer- Experimental control is established by demonstrating a functional relation. • Functional Relations are demonstrated when systematic manipulation of an independent variable results in a consistent effect on the dependent variable. • Requires at least 2 experimental manipulation Introduction of an experimental article - Answer- Topic of the Article • Defines the purpose of the research- Grab your reader and make them want to continue reading! • Rational for why the research is important • Literature Review (Bulk of section) • Specific research questions to add to knowledge most citations happen there. methods of an experimental article - Answer- Methodology used- Single Case? Multiple Baseline? Changing Criterion? • Participants- protect confidentiality, but give very detailed information! • Information collected- Frequency, Duration, IRT? Data Sheet summary