SCRN questions with complete solutions 2023 updated

SCRN questions with complete solutions 2023 updatedHow many cranial nerves are there? - correct answer 12 pairs How many spinal nerves are there? - correct answer 31 pairs Penumbra - correct answer Area of ischemic brain tissue that is potentially reversible What are the two types of hemorrhagic stroke? - correct answer intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage What are some causes of intracerebral hemorrhage? - correct answer HTN, drug use, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, hemorrhagic tumors What are some causes of subarachnoid hemorrhage? - correct answer Ruptured aneurysm (most often berry) or an AVM What are the most common sites of a subarachnoid hemorrhage? - correct answer PCOM, ACOM, MCA Risk factors for SAH? - correct answer Females 50-60yo, polycystic kidney disease, AVMs, smoking/drugs/ETOH, diabetes, family hx Signs of right hemispheric stroke - correct answer Spatial neglect, left visual field deficits, right gaze preference, flat affect, apraxia, left hemiplegia/hemisensory loss Signs of left hemispheric stroke? - correct answer Aphasia, left gaze preference, right visual field deficits, right hemiplegia/hemisensory loss What two vessels supply the anterior circulation? - correct answer internal carotid arteries What does the internal carotid artery branch into? - correct answer Anterior and middle cerebral arteries and the anterior choroidal artery What two vessels supply the posterior circulation? - correct answer Vertebral arteries Signs of carotid artery insufficiency? - correct answer Contralateral motor weakness and sensory loss, visual changes, aphasia (left sided occlusion), neglect (right sided occlusion) Signs of MCA insufficiency - correct answer Contralateral upper extremity hemiparesis (sparing of LE), contralateral sensory loss, aphasia (left sided occlusion), left neglect (right sided occlusion) Signs of ACA insufficiency - correct answer Contralateral Paralysis/weakness (leg arm) and sensory loss, changes to frontal lobe function (confusion/personality), gait apraxia, bladder control issues. Face and tongue spared. Posterior cerebral circulation includes what arteries? - correct answer Vertebral arteries and their branches including the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA), as well as the basilar artery and its beaches including the posterior cerebral artery (PCA) and anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) Vertebrobasilar syndrome - correct answer Variety of CN, cerebellar and brainstem deficits Areas supplied by PCA - correct answer Occipital, thalamus, midbrain, mesial temporal lobes Signs of PCA stroke - correct answer Homonymous hemianopsia, AMS, visual agnosia, cortical blindness (bilateral PCA occlusion) Areas supplied by basilar artery - correct answer Cerebellum, midbrain, pons