NES 103 Science Questions and Answers Graded A

NES 103 Science Questions and Answers Graded A igneous rock formed as result of tectonic process that brings magma to earth's surface what's after volcano! sedimentary rock formed from the compaction of rock fragments what's after erosion! metamorphic rocks extreme pressure causes rocks to change... will next go into magma if heats up! Pangea 200 million years ago.. all continents together hydrosphere the many bodies of water on earth's surface groundwater water stored underground in rock formations called aquifers atmosphere the mass of gases above earth's surface ozone layer located in the stratosphere (2nd level in the atmosphere from earth) captures harmful radiation humidity amount of water vapor in air climate zone 3 main climate zones: -Polar -Temperate -Tropical carbs sugars that act as source of energy lipids fats way to store energy proteins composed of building blocks called amino acids nucleic acid such as DNA and RNA store genetic code chromosomes inside nucleus organisms have at least one cell organ systems such as digestive system or respiratory system membrane protective covering mitosis cell division replication of cells and produces 2 cells with the same DNA as original cell meiosis reproduction of sex cells(eggs and sperm) biosphere all the living and non living parts of earth biome tropical rain forests (general) whereas an ecosystem is Amazon Rainforest (specific) protons positive charge, found in nucleous neutrons no charge, found in nucleous electrons orbit the nucleus negatively charged atomic mass mass of the protons and neutrons molecule 2 or more atoms join together covalent bond atoms share electrons ionic bond 2 ions with opposite charges are attracted to eachother and bind together ion charged atom Solid matter densely packed molecules doesn't change with volume or shape Liquid matter loosely packed molecules can change in shape but NOT volume Gas matter molecules are widely dispersed can change in both shape and volume plasma like gas: molecules are widely dispersed can change in both shape and volume But contains free moving charged particles physical change matter changing state (changing its form) but doesn't alter the chemical composition of a substance ex -cutting -heating -changing shape solution a mixture with uniform distribution solute substance being dissolved (salt) solvent what a solvent is dissolved in (water) chemical change bonds between atoms are made or broken result: new substance exothermic chemical reaction that energy (heat) is released endothermic energy is required for reaction to take place oxidation chemical change substance loses electrons iron rusts when exposed to oxygen, forming iron oxide combustion produces heat, carbon dioxide, and water burning fuel synthesis a chemical reaction that forms a single substance out of the combo of 2 mass amount of matter in an object weight the force of the gravitational pull of an object density mass divided by volume insulators poor conductors like wood, plastic pH scale ACIDS 1-14 water, neutral: 7 lemon: lower than 7 soap: higher than 7 speed how quickly something moves velocity rate at which something changes position (includes direction) force a push or a pull that causes object to move -gravity -tension -normal force (resting on an object) equilibrium object that is at rest or moving with constant speed (means it has a net force of zero) Laws of Motion (Newton) -1st law: object at rest, stays at rest. Object in motion stays in motion unless a force stops it -2nd law: Force= mass x acceleration -3rd law: for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction energy capacity of object to cause movement or change kinetic energy objects in motion potential energy objects that have potential to be in motion due to their position A book 10 feet above ground has more potential engergy than 3 feet above ground (more to fall, more work to do) tempurature kinetic energy (atoms in movement) conduction 2 surfaces in contact stove and pot convection circular fossil fuels oil, natural gas, coal non renewable resources