Space Exam 1 2023 with Complete Solved 100%

remote sensing satellites may study Mars, Jupiter, etc. - ANSWER-F "looking back" at Earth Most orbital debris consists of items astronauts have left in space - ANSWER-F satellite debris GPS consists of a constellation of satellites - ANSWER-T Astronauts suffer from bone loss due to reduced structural load of microgravity - ANSWER-T Total impulse is a measure of the rocket's efficiency - ANSWER-F Isp A good chemical rocket might have an Isp of 400 s - ANSWER-T Ideal rocket equation accounts for the effect of gravitational forces (the g0 in the equation) but not the earth's rotation or drag forces - ANSWER-F doesn't account for gravity Reaction control system thrusters are typically cold gas rockets, because they need to be stated and stepped a lot and fuel efficiency is less important - ANSWER-T Casting of the fuel grain is an important design consideration of bipropellant liquid rocketys - ANSWER-F solid rockets the argument of perigee (omega) defines the orentation of the orbit in its plane - ANSWER-T What is NOT a major environmental factor of space A. Vacuum B. Thermal extremes C. Microgravity D. Noise E. Titanium - ANSWER-E. Proxima Centauri is how far away A. 4.2 light years B. 42 light years C. 1,000,000 km D. 1,000,000 light years - ANSWER-A. What is the magnitude of the gravitational pull at 400 km above the Earth's surface (altitude of the ISS)? A. 0 G B. 0.89 G C. 10^-9 G (microgravity) D. 9.80665 m/s^2 E. 1 G - ANSWER-B "Space situation awareness" is? A. How astronauts avoid losing tools on the ISS B. Keeping track of MMODs C. Defining "up" in space where there is no gravity D. Understanding how planets orbit differently E. Depending upon the situation, determining how best to get to space - ANSWER-B A SEZ coordinate frame is best for which of the following? A. Surface Navigation B. Low Earth orbits C. Geocentric orbits D. Solar orbits E. Launch and ascent - ANSWER-E Two rockets in space are identical, excepts they have different fuels Rocket 1 has Isp = 200s. Rocket 2 has Isp = 300s. Both start burning at the same time and both execute a deltaV of 10 km/s. Which rocket achieve that deltaV sooner? A. Rocket 1 B. Rocket 2 C. They achieve it at the same D. Not enough information - ANSWER-D The space between the top of the propellant load and the top of the tank is called what? A. Ullage B. Expansion zone C. Tellar D. Boil-off volume - ANSWER-A Which of the following rocket/fuel enable a launch off of the Earth's surface? A. Ion engine B. Resistojet C. Nuclear D. Pulsed plasma thruster E. Arcjet - ANSWER-C What are the two major types of space radiation and where do each of them come from? - ANSWER-Solar particles events - our sun Galactic cosmic rays - outside our galaxy Name two gases that are present at orbital altitudes. List one of the effects of these gasses on spacecraft. Name one way in which we can minimize the negative effects - ANSWER-O2, H2, O Chemical erosion, drag, physical erosion/sputtering Select materials not susceptible to erosion, selecting high orbit In our water bottle rocket lab, do we treat the launch pad fixed coordinate frame as inertial or non-inertial? Why is this appropriate/reasonable? - ANSWER-Inertial - while it is fixed to the Earth so it rotates, it is negligible for our short launch Beyond higher Isp and being able to create more thrust, list two factors that make a rocket better - ANSWER-Safe - is it safe to assemble and use Cheap Stability of fuel Volume density of the fuel Rocket staging typically adds to improved efficiency. What are two potential downsides of rocket staging - ANSWER-Added complexity- increased chance of failure, decreased reliability Added mass of more rocket engines Generally more expensive We have accounted for the reduced gravity losses, horizontal benefit of the new launch site, and the speed of the airplane. What is another benefit of launch from an elevated altitude? - ANSWER-Overcome the drag losses for flying through the dense atmosphere near the ground How could we change the design of our rocket nozzle if we were launch from a higher altitude - ANSWER-maximize total thrust, want to minimize the pressure thrust, which is done by a fully expanded exit (Pexit = Patm) better if the launch is started at a lower pressure (higher altitude) so it is nearer ideal for more of the flight Potential Energy is conserved at all points on circular orbits (T/F) - ANSWER-T same velocity everywhere in circular orbit Adding additional propellant to a rocket will linearly increase its payload lifting capacity - ANSWER-F adding propellant will add weight, must balance design parameters Space missions are typically driven by the payload objective - ANSWER-T payload objectives are in mind when designing launch vehicle Due to unique geometric configuration, Circular Orbits have no ascending node - ANSWER-F equtorial orbits have no ascending node The primary purpose of rocket staging is to incrementally reduce drag during ascent - ANSWER-F incrementally reduce weight List 3 general types of applications that satellites are typically used for - ANSWER-science telecommunications GPS What does ISP tell you about rocket performance - ANSWER-Fuel efficiency amount of impulse per unit weight of the fuel on Earth The Ideal Rocket equation can be used to determine total deltaV that a rocket is capable of producing. What 3 other factors must be accounted for when analyzing overall launch vehicle ascent performance - ANSWER-Isp thrust rate nozzle expansion If looking down on the Earth from the North Pole, is it rotating clockwise or counter clockwise? - ANSWER-Counterclockwise For geocentric-equatorial coordinate system, how are the origin, the fundamental plane, and then principle direction defined - ANSWER-- Origin is earths cen ter - fundamental plane is the equator - perpendicular in the direction of the north pole - principle direction is towards the vernal equinox (aka first point of aries) List four of the simplifying assumptions made to define an orbit as a restricted 2-body problem - ANSWER-1. Atmospheric drag is negligible