Biology
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,Biological molecules
What are polymers ?
Polymers are large, complex molecules composed of monomers.
Most polymers are made through condensation reaction where water is lost in process
Condensation reaction
- Joining of 2 molecules
- Loss of water molecule
- Formation of a chemical bond e.g., glycosidic, ester, peptide.
To reverse the condensation reaction, you would need to hydrolyse the molecule (by
adding water).
Hydrolysis reaction
- Separation of 2 molecules
- Gain of water molecule
- Breakage of chemical bond.
, Sugars
All sugars compose of monomer blocks called monosaccharides. They
are the building blocks of carbohydrate which consists of C, H and O
elements.
Glucose for instance is a hexose sugar and are of 2 types, alpha and
beta.
Difference between alpha and beta are that they are position isomers.
These monosaccharides form Disaccharides through ‘Glycosidic bond’.
E.g. Maltose (2 alpha) and cellobiose (2 beta).
For maltose, the bond would be shown at the bottom.
For cellobiose, the bond will be shown diagonally.
Note: The glycosidic bond for every other beta glucose is inverted.
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HTTPS://QUIZLET.COM/ANWEN132/FOLDERS/BIOLOGY/SETS
HTTPS://WWW.BIOREVISE.NET/A-LEVEL
,Biological molecules
What are polymers ?
Polymers are large, complex molecules composed of monomers.
Most polymers are made through condensation reaction where water is lost in process
Condensation reaction
- Joining of 2 molecules
- Loss of water molecule
- Formation of a chemical bond e.g., glycosidic, ester, peptide.
To reverse the condensation reaction, you would need to hydrolyse the molecule (by
adding water).
Hydrolysis reaction
- Separation of 2 molecules
- Gain of water molecule
- Breakage of chemical bond.
, Sugars
All sugars compose of monomer blocks called monosaccharides. They
are the building blocks of carbohydrate which consists of C, H and O
elements.
Glucose for instance is a hexose sugar and are of 2 types, alpha and
beta.
Difference between alpha and beta are that they are position isomers.
These monosaccharides form Disaccharides through ‘Glycosidic bond’.
E.g. Maltose (2 alpha) and cellobiose (2 beta).
For maltose, the bond would be shown at the bottom.
For cellobiose, the bond will be shown diagonally.
Note: The glycosidic bond for every other beta glucose is inverted.
