Portage Learning: A&P 1 Module 5 - Muscular System

Portage Learning: A&P 1 Module 5 - Muscular System Name the 3 types of muscle tissue skeletal, cardiac, smooth skeletal muscle have blood & nervous supply to provide movement under conscious control What does it mean that skeletal muscles are under conscious control? meaning that a person can consciously decide to use these muscles to complete an action Communication to coordinate movement starts where? In the brain with a message sent through the spinal cord & eventually attaches to a muscle What is included in the central nervous system? brain and spinal cord The CNS (brain and spinal cord) connect to? peripheral nervous system What do peripheral nerves do carry signal from CNS (brain+spinal cord) to muscle to enable movement peripheral nerves carry signal from CNS (brain+spinal cord) to muscle to enable movement examples of peripheral nerves spinal nerves (cervical, thoracic, and lumbar), the upper trunk of the brachial plexus, and the radial nerve. Motor action (CNS to Muscle) Message from CNS to a muscle is called motor actions Sensory Input (sensation) (Environment to nerves to CNS) Information sent from external environment by nerves to the central nervous system Central Nervous System (brain & spinal cord) connect to Peripheral Nervous system Examples of peripheral nerves 1. spinal nerves (lumbar, thoracic, cervical) 2. Upper trunk of the brachial plexus 3. Radial nerve Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Carries information into and out of the CNS - carry communication from CNS to muscle AND carry info from environment to CNS describe the difference between tendons and ligaments tendons are connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone at the end. Ligaments are connective tissue that connect bone to bone. Helping to stabilize joints where bone meets. Tendons connective tissue that connects muscle to bone Origin vs insertion of a muscle Origin is a fixed stationary point; insertion is the place that is moved during a muscle contraction origin muscles attach to non movable bone insertion muscles attach to movable bone Muscle action effect produced by a muscle contraction - named for action they produce, e.g., flexor or extensor - i.e. tricep is the primary extensor of the forearm Innervation a peripheral nerve that supplies muscle with a message from brain describe muscle action and innervation? Action of muscle is what effect is produced by the muscle's contraction The innervation is the peripheral nerve that supplies a muscle with the message from the brain. How many total cranial nerves 12 Where do cranial nerves originate and control? On the ventral surface of brain & controll muscles function of several organs & glands MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION ... List all the muscles of the facial expression: (8) BOOM - ZRFT 1. Obicularis Oculi 2. Obicularis Oris 3. Zygomaticus major/minor 4. Risorius 5. Frontalis (occipitofrontailis) 6. Buccinator 7. Masseter 8. Temporalis Orbicularis Oculi close eye; facial nerve CN VII Orbicularis Oris closes mouth, protrudes lips, presses lips to teeth; facial nerve CN VII Zygomaticus Major Action: pulls corners of lips upward Innervation: facial nerve CN VII Inferior to zygomaticus minor (cheek bone) Zygomaticus Major - Action: pulls corners of lips upward - Innervation: facial nerve CN VII Inferior to zygomaticus minor (cheek bone) Risorius - pulls the corners of the mouth posteriorly (grinning) - cranial nerve CN VII (attaches to corner of mouth) frontalis (occipitofrontailis) - action: raise eyebrows; wrinkle forehead - Cranial Nerve VII; Buccinator - compresses cheek; - innervation: cranial nerve VII - location: deep to zygomaticus Masseter - closes jaw; - Trigeminal nerve (CN V, manibular branch) (on side of jaw) Temporalis - Elevates mandible, closes jaw - Trigeminal nerve (CN V, mandibular branch) Lateral Flexion aka side flexion, side bending of neck, moving one of the ears to the shoulder cervical flexion moving the chin towards the chest cervical extension moving the chin up +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ MUSCLES OF THE HEAD AND NECK ... List all the muscles of the head and neck: SSSSLLT 1.Semispinalis Capitis 2. Sternocleidomastoid 3. Splenius Capitis 4. Longissimus Cervicis 5. Longissimus Thoracis 6. Thyrohyoid 7. Scalenes (anterior, middle, posterior) Semispinalis Capitis Origin = articular process of inferior cervical & transverse process of superior thoracic vertebrae Insertion = occipital bone Action = Bilateral extend head; Unilateral laterally flexes neck to same side Innerv = spinal nerves Semispinalis Capitis (origin) Articular process of inferior cervical and transverse process of superior thoracic vertebrae Semispinalis Capitis (insertion) occipital bone Semispinalis Capitis (action) Bilateral extend head; Unilateral laterally flexes neck to same side Semispinalis Capitis (innervation) spinal nerves Sternocleidomastoid (origin, action, insertion, innerv) origin = sternal end of the clavicle & manubrium Insertion = mastoid region of skull Action = bilateral neck flexion; unilateral turns face to opposite side Innerv = Accessory nerve ( CN XI) Sternocleidomastoid (origin) sternal end of clavicle & manubrium sternocleidomastoid (insertion) mastoid region of skull Sternocleidomastoid (action) Bilateral neck flexion; unilateral turns face to opposite side Sternocleidomastoid (innervation) accessory nerve (CN XI) Splenius Capitis - Origin: spinous process/ligaments of inferior cervical vertebrae - Insertion: mastoid process, occipital bones of skull - Bilateral extend head; unilateral flexes neck to same side - Innervation: cervical spinal nerves Splenius Capitis (origin) spinous process/ligaments of inferior cervical vertebrae Splenius Capitis (insertion) mastoid process, occipital bones of skull Splenius Capitis (action) Bilateral extend head; unilateral flexes neck to same side Splenius Capitis (Innervation) Cervical Spinal Nerves Splenius Capitis (origin, insertion, action, innervation) - Origin = spinous process/ligaments of inferior cervical vertebrae - Insertion = mastoid process, occipital bones of skull - Action = bilateral extend head; unilateral flexes neck to same side - Innerv = cervical spinal nerves Longissimus cervicis Origin = transverse process of superior thoracic vertebrae Insertion = transverse process of middle & superior cervical vertebrae Action = bilateral extend head; unilateral laterally flexes neck to same side Innerv = cervical & thoracic spinal ner