NR 228 Exam 2 Study Guide Chamberlain University

NR 228 Review for Exam 2 Nutrition factors of aging adults, including malnutrition Role of adults in feeding children and factors that influence nutrition in children Protein intake related to life span Protein intake specific increase by g/kg severe stress Iron needs: men vs women Vitamin D uptake related to aging adults Noninvasive measurements Screening of hospitalize patients for nutritional status Types of diets: clear liquid, full liquid, enteral feeding, low fiber, soft, high calorie, high protein Commercial enteral formula vs home-blended enteral formula Alcohol abuse and liver disorders • Ch. 10: Nutrition Across the Lifespan • Ch. 11: Nutrition Assessment & Patient Care • Ch. 12: Food-Related Issues Week 6: • Ch. 13: Nutrition for Disorders of the GI tract • Ch. 14: Nutrition for the Disorders of the Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas • Ch. 15: Nutrition for Diabetes Mellitus Week 7: • Ch. 16: Nutrition in Metabolic Stress: Burns, Trauma, and Surgery • Ch. 17: Nutrition for Cardiopulmonary Diseases • Ch. 18: Nutrition for Diseases of the Kidneys • Ch. 20: Nutrition in Cancer and HIV/AIDS Transmission of hepatitis, risk factors for hepatitis, diets for patients with hepatitis Care of patients with ascites, cirrhosis, hepatic encephalopathy Pancreatitis related to enteral feedings Cystic fibrosis: cause, diet for Type 2 diabetes Hemoglobin A1C (HgbA1C) desired lab value Main difference between types of exogenous insulin Cause of constipation in pregnant women Outcome of pregnant women with high blood glucose – related to newborn Drug therapy for children with type 2 diabetes Cholesterol: LDL, HDL Dietary protection for cancer prevention Review vitamins related to: energy use, reproduction needs, blood formation Difference between primary and secondary malnutrition Ways to measure adequate diet intake Nursing diagnoses for patients with inadequate nutrition DASH diet Random notes: (from Quiz 2) o CIRRHOSIS: The ammonia levels become high, leading to → hepatic encephalopathy “cerebral intoxication” (severe confusion). The patient is administered lactulose, which has a laxative effect. The client defecates, lowering ↓ the build-up of ammonia, correcting the encephalopathy that comes with cirrhosis o The patient may have to have the gallbladder removed (cholecystectomy) if the gallstones increase and the symptoms become intolerable DIABETES o Type 1 DM: The pt. does not make insulin & REQUIRES insulin to lower blood sugar and to allow nutrients to enter and feed the cells. ▪ 3 P’s: Polydipsia, Polyphagia, and Polyuria • Polydipsia (drink a lot due to extreme thirst) • Polyphagia (eat a lot) • Polyuria (urinate a lot) ▪ Greatest risk: DEHYDRATION- drink out of extreme thirst and should not have fluids withheld. ▪ Hypoglycemia (blood sugar that is too low 70) o Type 2 DM: pt. still makes their own insulin, but the cells FAIL to respond to the insulin produced o Gestational Diabetes = diabetes during pregnancy ▪ baby is usually LARGER than normal ▪ baby & mother have a HIGHER ↑ propensity to become Type 2 Diabetics later on o Stressors, including illness, makes the BS go so