CPRP Practice Test 2023 (Answered)

During a community meeting to discuss vandalism, the overall consensus is to add additional education for their children about being responsible. Based on what is known about deterring vandalism, what should you do? - Answer- Tactics for additional safety: - front entrance security - lighting - security patrols - additional surveillance - limit to 1 entrance What is the result of analyzing current public relations efforts? - Answer- Understand the effectiveness of communication channels. Discover the impact of different messages, channels, and markets. Understand effectiveness of message and channels. A/B Testing. What are the goals of public relations efforts? - Answer- Increase open communication (back and forth) and raise awareness and a positive image. Positive media relations is a results of a mix for reactive, proactive and interactive roles. What is the difference between reactive, proactive, and interactive roles within public relations? - Answer- Reactive - responding to media requests Proactive - informing media of upcoming events, news Interactive - development of partnerships and relationship that benefits both What type of maintenance tasks should be employed in order to reduce opening injuries from premises defect? - Answer- Site-specific scheduled inspections. Inspections are the foundations of both a good risk management plan and maintenance program. This helps professionals provide a safe environment for leisure participants. Opening and closing checklists are part of daily facility management. What is premises defect? - Answer- The concept that the facility is responsible if there is an incident that could have been prevented without negligence. Who should be involved in developing policies? - Answer- All staff who are impacted by the policies should be the ones who develop them. The board approves the policies. Policies are written and shared once approved by board. All employees should sign off that they received the policies. What is the difference between rules and policies? - Answer- Policies are the guidelines to make management decisions that help reflect principles in all areas of parks and rec management; Rules are the specific actions requires to implement policies. If a building built before 1992 is being renovated, and needs accessibility improvements, what is the protocol? - Answer- If the facility is modified or built after 1992, then it is required to be accessible. Caveat --> All barriers must be removed if it does not cause undo difficulty or expense. What are the priorities for barrier removal from the Dept of Justice? - Answer- 1. Provide access to "get through the door." 2. Provide access to the areas of programs and services. 3. Provide access to amenities of restrooms, drinking, phones. 4. Take other measures to programs and facilities for maximum benefit What must a minor under age 18 have in order to participate in a program? - Answer- A waiver, but it is not enforceable unless signed by a parent. An agreement to participate is another document which describes the dangers, rules, and instructions about the things parents should discuss with their children. What is the difference between routine maintenance and preventative maintenance? - Answer- Routine - small regular actions taken to prevent wear and tear Preventative - to reduce the potential for actual or major failures. Also used to prolong life of equipment and reduce "downtime" of essential equipment. What are factors that determine frequency of preventative maintenance? - Answer- - Nature of the mechanics of the equipment - Cost of the equipment - How central is the equipment to the service delivery? If you are on the project team for a new recreation center, and a new change occurs regarding a construction detail, which procedure would you use to change this? - Answer- A change order. It's a change to the construction process that is common and required to move forward on the project. With regard to employee pay, your supervisor asks you to determine the equity of pay within positions. What do you do next? - Answer- Determine the relative worth of each job in the agency compared to other jobs in the agency. Salaries should be determined by the responsibilities of the position, the education requirements, the experience requirements, and supervisory tasks. What are the most common methods for salary increases? - Answer- Merit (performance for above satisfactory and exceptional) and longevity increases. What is an appraisal instrument? - Answer- To measure job performance, this appraisal instrument is developed from the job description, and a description that explains what is necessary in order to fulfill the job responsibilities. What other factors beyond an employee's salary should go into personnel costs? - Answer- Fringe benefits, payroll taxes, overtime, vacation time, holidays, and sick days can exceed actual salaries by 30 - 40 percent. Who is responsible for creating and implementing facility opening and closing procedures? - Answer- Facility Manager What is the least desirable option to get input from the public about fee changes? - Answer- Ballot Referendum because that is the final step in implementing the change. In order to find preliminary info, host a focus group, advisory group, task force, survey, or public hearing. Then educate. What is the trend around policy development? - Answer- Provide more discretion to the employees who are doing the job. All employees must be able to understand rules, policies and procedures to respond to public. What method within the needs assessment process could be generalized to the community as a whole? - Answer- Needs assessment surveys. Particularly statistically valid surveys. When planning a recreational activity, what is usually the most limiting factor to impact program planning? - Answer- Health status; other factors such as income, gender, or education wouldn't necessarily impact a community bike ride or walk, for instance. What are the four types of sampling methods commonly used by parks and rec professionals? - Answer- Random, systematic sampling, purposive sampling, convenience sampling What is systematic sampling? - Answer- When every "nth" person is selected. What is random sampling? - Answer- When everyone in the population has an equal chance of being selected. this is the most reliable form of sampling. Purposive Sampling - Answer- Selects people because they are in a certain desired group. Perhaps they participate in a certain activity or visit a certain facility. What is convenience sampling? - Answer- When the group surveyed is chosen simply because the location is convenient or accessible to the researcher. Prior to planning a rec program, what should happen first to assess the target population? - Answer- Determine the needs of the particpants. What are the two types of evaluation methods, and what is the difference? - Answer- Formative (as it's "forming" to provide ongoing feedback and improve current session) and Summative ("summarizing" at the end of a program to document outcomes, justify to funding agencies, and suggest modifications. What is self-directed activities and why are they important? - Answer- Self-directed activities are those that require little supervision and are more cost effective. A basketball lesson for middle school students could be self-directed if it became a drop-in program. Requires "General Supervision." This is important because a good comprehensive plan includes a variety of programs, and self-directed programs would offer that. What are the benefits of partnerships, and what are some hurdles? - Answer- Benefits - prevents duplication of services, allow diversity of service delivery, meets needs of customers, and enhance efficiency. *Open Communication Is Key* Written agreement is a must - should contain responsibilities, legal considerations, supervision details, quality control, and partnership dissolutions What can be used to select appropriate activities for a program in order to achieve outcome goals and specified objectives? - Answer- Activity Analysis - which are analyzed for their contributions in four behavioral domains: cognitive, social, physical, and emotional. These are also the four aspects asseessed for client need. What are the four domains of activity analysis? - Answer- Physical - anything having to do with the human body Social - anything having to do with other people, either others in the group or instructors Cognitive - regarding interpretation of rules, concentration, knowledge, memory, etc. Affective/emotional - regarding feelings and emotions What is Assessment in regard to programming? - Answer- It is the evaluation that is used prior to implementing a program. It is used to help judge the worth of existing services and help make informed decisions moving forward. Target markets that are viable will have what three characteristics? - Answer- - Measurable (size of market, characteristics) - Accessible to the market (with physical and fiscal resources, promotional plan, and HR) - Sizable, Large enough market -> Break Even Analysis. What is the next step after assessing the viable target population? - Answer- Assessing the individual programming needs. This action takes place once the participant has been signed up for the class. An example - assessing skill level of barre students. What is a market? What is the difference between actual demand and latent demand? - Answer- A market is a potential (and current) set of buyers that have similar characteristics and are willing to buy. Current buyers = actual demand. Potential buyers = latent demand. Easier to move current participants to do more than new potentials to start. Within a limit tho - we want to make sure they still have the resources/time to participate. What are the four P's of the Marketing Mix? - Answer- Product - agencies and services Price - majorly impacts participation and sets VALUE (free isn't always better) Place - "distribution of products" accessibility, atmosphere, multiple or one location, time schedules Promotion - communicating product (Promotion Mix: advertising, sales/incentives, personal selling, and publicity) What is market segmentation? - Answer- The process of dividing a large population into small groups with similar characteristics/needs, and exposed to similar media channels/promotions. What are four variables that help segment a market? - Answer- Demographics - age, income, gender, etc. Geography - physical location Psychographics - values, attitudes, beliefs, personality Behaviors - skills, product loyalty How to describe target markets? - Answer- These are the identified markets that the agency chooses to concentrate for a particular product. What is mass marketing and why doesn't it work? - Answer- It is marketing to an entire population. It doesn't work because it does not provide relevant products to specific people, but assumes all people are alike. What are the three ways to approach target marketing? - Answer- *Undifferentiated approach* - either when there are no visible market segments OR mass market - approach it the same way *Differentiated approach* - distinct market segments are identified and the agency chooses to use a different marketing mix for each one. *Concentrated market* - only one or two target markets (mainly for commercial) What is market positioning? - Answer- It is the perception from the community regarding the agency and their services. Agencies want to position their products/services in a unique way to be set apart. Proper positioning in the market allows them be competitive and offer something new. How does an agency evaluate effectiveness in marketing? - Answer- Did it reach it's objectives? Here are some techniques for conducting research for market effectiveness: *Tracking Sales* (program/membership registration) *Coding Advertisements* (from ads, FB, contact on postcard) *Focus group* - ask about recent marketing efforts. When doing a focus group for marketing, ask the following questions in regard to the marketing mix... - Answer- Product - What is the quality of programs, services and facilities? What are the outcomes of the programs? How is the content of the programs? How is the level of satisfaction with this experience? Price - How do the prices compare to others? What is the value of the program? Promotion - Is the current communication channels used effectively? What is the effect of the promotional campaign? Place - How is the quality of the venue, location, scheduling, # of sessions, day of week, and format of program If you have mixed results from evaluation of a program, what is most likely the results? - Answer- A lack of communication around the goals of the program rationale to staff. Define direct fixed costs. - Answer- The results of conducting a specific program. If the program did not take place, the costs would not be incurred. The fee stays the same regardless of the amount of participants. Ex - Instructor, Facility Rental Whereas indirect fixed costs are those that may be overhead costs, shared costs, but not directly traceable to a specific program. Ex - Program Supervisor, Overhead charges (utilities, brochure costs). Which of the following outcomes should the parks and rec professional attempt to provide in order to facilitate a leisure experience for participants in the program? - Answer- Freedom, intrinsic satisfaction, positive effect. What are the two types of walk-in registration types? - Answer- Central location or program location --> central might be the admin office during office hours. Program location would be fitness center. Program location method is more prone to cash flow issues and may require more travel What method of registration provides the most flexibility? - Answer- Mail or online. What is often the first exposure of a customer to the agency? What can be done to improve first impressions? - Answer- The registration/reservation system. A well-organized process, enough staff, train staff (esp. on customer service and program specifics, wait list procedures), and cash handling procedures. Utilization of reservation forms, adequate forms, queue lines. What are the various tournaments available to or scheduling sports? - Answer- Challenge Tournament: Continuous/Ladder Play Round Robin Tournament: All teams meet with all teams. Double-Elimination Tournament: If team loses twice, then they are out. Single Elimination Tournament: If team loses once, then they are out. The purpose of marketing leisure services