AICP Exam Prep - Theories/Movements Exam Question and Answer
Ladder of Participation - Sherry Arnstein, Bottom of ladder {non participation - Manipulation, Therapy.} Middle of ladder {Degrees of Tokensim - Informing, Consultation, Placation} Top of ladder {Degrees of Citizen Power - Partnership, Delegated Power, Citizen Control} Types of Planning Theory - 1. Theories of Urban Development (how cities grow). 2. Theories of Planning Practice (How planners perform their work). Theories of Urban Development - Patterns within a city {Concentric Circle, Sector, Multi-Nuclei} Size and spacing of cites {Central Place} Concentric Circle Theory - Theory of urban development. Developed by sociologist Ernest Burgess and Robert Park in 1925. Invasion and succession - growth happens by land uses expanding outward from one area to another. Cities grow in rings, land uses are based on distance from downtown, 5 rings in his theory: 1. CBD 2. Industrial 3. Transition (industry & low income) 4. Blue collar homes 5. White Collar homes
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