NAPLEX Review – Cardiology- 301 questions- with complete solutions

What is the definition of hypertension? correct answer: BP > 140/90 OR Patient requires antihypertensive therapy Chronic uncontrolled HTN can lead to target organ damage. What organs or organ systems are typically affected? correct answer: 1) Cardiac (MI, need for CABG, PCI, left ventricular hypertrophy, CHF with reduced EF) 2) Cerebrovascular (stroke, TIA) 3) Renal (CKD) 4) Ophthalmologic (retinopathy, blindness) 5) Vascular (peripheral arterial disease) What are blood pressure goals in patients with known history of coronary artery disease? (10-year Framingham risk score >10%, stable/unstable angina, MI, or other equivalent (PAD, AAA, etc.)) correct answer: <130/80 (AHA) What are some reasonable lifestyle modifications to suggest for patients with HTN? correct answer: 1) Target BMI of 18.5-24.9 kg/m2 2) Increase fruit, veggies, low-fat dairy 3) Decrease saturated fat and total fat grams 4) Na intake should be less than 2.4 grams daily 5) Physical activity - 30 minutes most days of week 6) Limit alcohol and smoking What are "safe" alcohol levels for men and women, respectively? correct answer: 2 drinks per day, 1 drink per day What drugs should be considered as first line antihypertensive agents in non-black patients? correct answer: 1) Thiazide diuretic 2) ACEI 3) ARB 4) CCB What drugs should be used first line for hypertension in black patients? correct answer: 1) Thiazide and/or