USMLE Classic Labs/Findings (First Aid 2023/2024) Solved 100% Correct

Lab/diagnostic finding - ANSWER-Diagnosis/disease Anticentromere antibodies - ANSWER-Scleroderma (CREST) Antidesmoglein (epithelial) antibodies - ANSWER-Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering) Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies - ANSWER-Goodpasture's syndrome (glomerulonephritis and lung hemorrhage) Antihistone antibodies - ANSWER-Drug-induced SLE Anti-IgG antibodies - ANSWER-Rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity) Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs) - ANSWER-1° biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal hypertension) Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) - ANSWER-Vasculitis (Wegener's, microscopic polyangiitis, glomerulonephritis) Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs: anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA) - ANSWER-SLE (type III hypersensitivity) Antiplatelet antibodies - ANSWER-Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) (bleeding diathesis) Anti-topoisomerase antibodies - ANSWER-Diffuse systemic scleroderma Anti-transglutaminase/antigliadin antibodies - ANSWER-Celiac disease (diarrhea, distention, weight loss) Azurophilic granular needles in leukemic blasts - ANSWER-Auer rods (acute myelogenous leukemia: especially the promyelocytic type) "Bamboo spine" on x-ray - ANSWER-Ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis: HLA-B27) Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs - ANSWER-Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen) Basophilic stippling of RBCs - ANSWER-Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia Bloody tap on LP - ANSWER-Subarachnoid hemorrhage "Boot-shaped" heart on x-ray - ANSWER-Tetralogy of Fallot, RVH Branching gram-positive rods with sulfur granules - ANSWER-Actinomyces israelii Bronchogenic apical lung tumor - ANSWER-Pancoast's tumor (can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner's syndrome) "Brown" tumor of bone - ANSWER-Hemorrhage (hemosiderin) causes brown color of osteolytic cysts. Due to: 1. Hyperparathyroidism 2. Osteitis fibrosa cystica (von Recklinghausen's disease of bone) Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy Chagas' disease (Trypanosoma cruzi ) Cellular crescents in Bowman's capsule - ANSWER-Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis "Chocolate cyst" of ovary - ANSWER-Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries) Circular grouping of dark tumor cells - ANSWER-Homer Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma) surrounding pale neurofibrils Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs - ANSWER-Cystic fibrosis (CFTR mutation in Caucasians resulting in fat-soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs) Degeneration of dorsal column nerves - ANSWER-Tabes dorsalis (3° syphilis) Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra - ANSWER-Parkinson's disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia) Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum - ANSWER-Curschmann's spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs) Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid - ANSWER-Call-Exner bodies (granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary) Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia - ANSWER-Koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer) Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies - ANSWER-"Owl's-eye" appearance of CMV Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei - ANSWER-"Orphan Annie" eye nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid) Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell - ANSWER-Mallory bodies (alcoholic liver disease) Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell - ANSWER-Lewy body (Parkinson's disease) Eosinophilic globule in liver - ANSWER-Councilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever) Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal nerve cells - ANSWER-Rabies virus (Lyssavirus) Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain - ANSWER-Senile plaques (Alzheimer's disease) Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions ("owl's eye") - ANSWER-Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin's lymphoma) Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells - ANSWER-Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor) "Hair-on-end" (crew-cut) appearance on x-ray - ANSWER-β-thalassemia, sickle cell anemia (extramedullary hematopoiesis) hCG elevated - ANSWER-Choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole (occurs with and without embryo) Heart nodules (inflammatory) - ANSWER-Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever) Heterophile antibodies - ANSWER-Infectious mononucleosis (EBV) Hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions - ANSWER-Bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules) High level of D-dimers - ANSWER-DVT, pulmonary embolism, DIC