First Aid for the USMLE STEP 1 (2023): Classic/Relevant Treatments Solved 100%

Absence seizures - ANSWER-Ethosuximide Acute gout attack - ANSWER-NSAIDs, colchicine, glucocorticoids Acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3) - ANSWER-All-trans retinoic acid ADHD - ANSWER-Methylphenidate, CBT, atomoxetine Alcoholism - ANSWER-Disulfiram, acamprosate, naltrexone, supportive care Alcohol withdrawal - ANSWER-Long-acting benzodiazepines Anorexia - ANSWER-Nutrition, psychotherapy, mirtazapine Anticoagulation during pregnancy - ANSWER-Heparin Arrhythmia in damaged cardiac tissue - ANSWER-Class IB antiarrhythmic (lidocaine, mexiletine) B12 deficiency - ANSWER-Vitamin B12 supplementation (work up cause with Schilling test) Benign prostatic hyperplasia - ANSWER-α1-antagonists, 5α-reductase inhibitors, PDE-5 inhibitors Bipolar disorder - ANSWER-Mood stabilizers (e.g., lithium, valproic acid, carbamazepine), atypical antipsychotics Breast cancer in postmenopausal woman - ANSWER-Aromatase inhibitor (anastrozole) Buerger disease - ANSWER-Smoking cessation Bulimia nervosa - ANSWER-SSRIs Candida albicans - ANSWER-Topical azoles (vaginitis); nystatin, fluconazole, caspofungin (oral/esophageal); fluconazole, caspofungin, amphotericin B (systemic) Carcinoid syndrome - ANSWER-Octreotide Chlamydia trachomatis - ANSWER-Doxycycline (+ ceftriaxone for gonorrhea coinfection), erythromycin eye drops (prophylaxis in infants) Chronic gout - ANSWER-Xanthine oxidase inhibitors (e.g., allopurinol, febuxostat) Chronic hepatitis B or C - ANSWER-IFN-α (HBV and HCV); ribavirin, simeprevir, sofosbuvir (HCV) Chronic myelogenous leukemia - ANSWER-Imatinib Clostridium botulinum - ANSWER-Antitoxin Clostridium difficile - ANSWER-Oral metronidazole; if refractory, oral vancomycin Clostridium tetani - ANSWER-Antitoxin CMV - ANSWER-Ganciclovir, foscarnet, cidofovir Crohn disease - ANSWER-Corticosteroids, infliximab, azathioprine Cryptococcus neoformans - ANSWER-Fluconazole (in AIDS patients) Cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis - ANSWER-Mesna Depression - ANSWER-SSRIs (first-line) Diabetes insipidus - ANSWER-Desmopressin (central); hydrochlorothiazide, indomethacin, amiloride (nephrogenic) Diabetes mellitus type 1 - ANSWER-Dietary intervention (low carbohydrate) + insulin replacement Diabetes mellitus type 2 - ANSWER-Dietary intervention, oral hypoglycemics, and insulin (if refractory) Diabetic ketoacidosis - ANSWER-Fluids, insulin, K+ Enterococci - ANSWER-Vancomycin, aminopenicillins/cephalosporins Erectile dysfunction - ANSWER-Sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil ER ⊕ breast cancer - ANSWER-Tamoxifen Ethylene glycol/methanol intoxication - ANSWER-Fomepizole (alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor) Haemophilus influenzae (B) - ANSWER-Rifampin (prophylaxis) Generalized anxiety disorder - ANSWER-SSRIs, SNRIs (first line); buspirone (second line) Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener) - ANSWER-Cyclophosphamide, corticosteroids Heparin reversal - ANSWER-Protamine sulfate HER2/neu ⊕ breast cancer - ANSWER-Trastuzumab Hyperaldosteronism - ANSWER-Spironolactone Hypercholesterolemia - ANSWER-Statin (first-line) Hypertriglyceridemia - ANSWER-Fibrate Immediate anticoagulation - ANSWER-Heparin Infertility - ANSWER-Leuprolide, GnRH (pulsatile), clomiphene Influenza - ANSWER-Oseltamivir, zanamivir Kawasaki disease - ANSWER-IVIG, high-dose aspirin Legionella pneumophila - ANSWER-Macrolides (e.g., azithromycin) Long-term anticoagulation - ANSWER-Warfarin, dabigatran, rivaroxaban and apixaban Malaria - ANSWER-Chloroquine, mefloquine, atovaquone/proguanil (for blood schizont), primaquine (for liver hypnozoite) Malignant hyperthermia - ANSWER-Dantrolene Medical abortion - ANSWER-Mifepristone Migraine - ANSWER-Abortive therapies (e.g., sumatriptan, NSAIDs); prophylaxis (e.g., propranolol, topiramate, CCBs, amitriptyline) Multiple sclerosis - ANSWER-Disease-modifying therapies (e.g., β-interferon, natalizumab); for acute flares, use IV steroids Mycobacterium tuberculosis - ANSWER-RIPE (rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol) Neisseria gonorrhoeae - ANSWER-Ceftriaxone (add doxycycline to cover likely concurrent C. trachomatis) Neisseria meningitidis - ANSWER-Penicillin/ceftriaxone, rifampin (prophylaxis) Neural tube defect prevention - ANSWER-Prenatal folic acid Osteomalacia/rickets - ANSWER-Vitamin D supplementation Osteoporosis - ANSWER-Calcium/vitamin D supplementation (prophylaxis); bisphosphonates, PTH analogs, SERMs, calcitonin, denosumab (treatment) Patent ductus arteriosus - ANSWER-Close with indomethacin; open or maintain with PGE analogs Pheochromocytoma - ANSWER-α-antagonists (e.g., phenoxybenzamine) Pneumocystis jirovecii - ANSWER-TMP-SMX (prophylaxis in AIDS patient) Prolactinoma - ANSWER-Cabergoline/bromocriptine (dopamine agonists) Prostate adenocarcinoma/uterine fibroids - ANSWER-Leuprolide, GnRH (continuous) Prostate adenocarcinoma - ANSWER-Flutamide