WGUC100 Humanities Final Study Guide Latest

Humanities - ANSWER How the human race understands and documents the human experience. How do visual arts and architecture of Greeks and Romans differ? - ANSWER 1. Much of the structures in Greece are focused on honoring Deities and Elevating the human form. Greeks relied on Post and Lintel. 2. Rome used art to predominantly glorify the Roman empire. Romans developed columns and arches to design larger buildings. What reflects the theme in the classical period? - ANSWER Greek philosophers questioned the truth of ancient religious myths in which gods acted unjustly. How did Aristotle reflect the theme of the Classical Period? - ANSWER Aristotle investigated qualities that led to human excellence and made for a good life. What cultural exchange took place in the Classical period? - ANSWER The Greeks borrowed the Alphabet of the Phoenicians and used Egyptian influence in their sculptures. What were 2 main means of cultural exchange during the Classical Period? - ANSWER 1. Greece and Romes proximity to the Mediterranean Sea facilitated the exchange of goods and ideas. 2. Silk Road provided access to Asia. What 2 aspects of life today are directly influenced by the classical period? - ANSWER 1. Democracy 2. U.S. National Monuments How does "Brother Where art Thou" represent Classical influence? - ANSWER The Protagonists journey draws on a number of Motifs, themes, and characters from "The Odyssy" In his work, The Republic", Plato describes how to best create a fair and orderly society? - ANSWER People are able to think rationally but they are pre-disposed to act in their own best interest so they should be ruled by a Philosophy King. How did Aristotle's teaching reflect Humanities? - ANSWER He argues that reason is necessary to guide humans to right behaviour and that achieving balance through Golden Mean creates the virtuous character. Which musical fragments were dedicated to the God Appollo? - ANSWER The Delphic Hymns What 2 things were introduced into the Classical Period? - ANSWER 1. A focus on Balance and Reason 2. A focus on Humanism and Truch Historians consider the Renaissance to be a cultural and economical bridge between which 2 eras? - ANSWER The Middle Ages and Modern Era The Renaissance triggered the rise of _______________-literature that reflected everyday life of the period. - ANSWER Vernacular Who of the Renaissance worked in sculpture? - ANSWER Michelangelo The Renaissance revived ____________ - ANSWER Classical Greek and Roman culture The phrase "To be or not to be, that is the question" is from which play? - ANSWER Hamlet Who initiated Protestant Reformation? - ANSWER Martin Luther What was the Principal force of change in the Renaissance Religion? - ANSWER Reform Movements The French word Renaissance means? - ANSWER Re-Birth What work is from the Renaissance period? - ANSWER "The Prince" by Niccolo Machiavelli Michelangelo's David - ANSWER Sculpture representing renewed learning from classical sources that focused on the ideal form. Madrigals - ANSWER Singing with-out music. 3-6 voices and were secular in nature. The Prince - ANSWER Renaissance Political Dissertation on Government that advocates the idea that, the end justifies the means. Young Hare (Durer) - ANSWER A work of reformation art, this watercolor signifies an interest in the natural world, fine detail with almost photographic accuracy. What are 2 things true of society during the Renaissance period? - ANSWER 1. Religious reformers such as Martin Luther split with the Catholic Church, ultimately resulting in the formation of Protestantism. 2. Many intellectuals broadened their perspectives beyond church teachings after the discovery and spread of previously "lost" classical writings. What was emphasized by Renaissance Humanism? - ANSWER Humanists sought to educate the whole person, including the physical, intellectual, and spiritual aspects of human beings. What theme of the Renaissance is shown in the painting "School of Athens"? - ANSWER Classicism How is Leonardo's Mona Lisa representative of Renaissance painting? - ANSWER It treats its subject with realistic detail and subjective. How does the speech from Shakespeare's Hamlet reflect the themes of the Renaissance? - ANSWER Speech reflects the values of Humanism by emphasizing the power of learning and an individuals use of it. What was Martin Luther's role in advocating Christian Docterin during the Renaissance? - ANSWER Martin Luther was a Priest and Theologist What is an example of a Renaissance Man or woman? - ANSWER A successful business person who plays the Clarinet, rides horses competitively and publishes articles on scientific and artistic topics. How did advancements in Science lead to innovations during the Renaissance? - ANSWER Scientific knowledge about human phycology created a greater understanding of how the human eye percieves light and distance. What 2 literary devices were popular during the Renaissance? - ANSWER 1. Soliquy-character speaks aloud to himself on stage, giving his audience access to his inner thoughts. 2. Blank verse- poetic verse written in un-rhymed "rambic pentameter" Who wrote the Satirical essay "In Praise of Folly", which criticized corruption and abuses of Catholic Doctrine in parts of the Roman Catholic Church? - ANSWER Erasmus How does art from the Renaissance illustrate culture exchange and Diversity? - ANSWER 1. Glassmakers in Italy received inspiration from Muslim artisanal Glass wear 2. Carved Ivory from Africa was featured in homes of European Royalty Who was NOT an Enlightenment Philosopher? - ANSWER Leonardo Bruni The age of Enlightenment was also called - ANSWER Age of Reason The image of "Oath of Horati" by Jacks-Louis David is from what period? - ANSWER NeoClassical Period Classical Movement in Music falls between which 2 periods? - ANSWER The Boroque The Romantic The music of the Neoclassical period differed from the Boroque music in that? - ANSWER It featured more variety in orchestral texture. What is true about Neoclassical theater? - ANSWER It features intricate and ellorberate costumes Who was a classical composer? - ANSWER Mozart Which artist worked with the Neoclassical Movement? - ANSWER Angelica Kauffmann Tartuffe - ANSWER A play by Moliere that Utilises satire to expose hypocrisy and offer religious and social Criticism Symphony No. 101 in D Major - ANSWER Musical composition by Hadyn in which strings create a rhythmic sound that imitates a ticking clock. Gullivers Travels - ANSWER Jonathon Swifts satire of human nature Oath of Haratti - ANSWER Painting by Jacks-Louis David that shows 3 brothers showing allegiance to Rome Balance (Classical Period) - ANSWER Putting into Harmony different compositional elements that are in dynamic tension with one another. Democracy/Republic (Classical Period) - ANSWER Government ruled by common man. Humanism (Classical Period) - ANSWER The study of the creative and intellectual contributions of all human cultures. Ploytheism (Classical Period) - ANSWER A belief or religion that believes in more than one god. Truth/Reason (Classical Period) - ANSWER The accurate and genuine reality of the world: factual. ReBirth of Classicism (Renaissance Period) - ANSWER During the Renaissance, there was a rebirth of classical ideas, mainly humanism, rationalism, and balance. Humanism (Renaissance) - ANSWER An optimistic attitude that praises human abilities to be succesful in their endovers, whether in science, religion art or politics. Rationalism/Science Expansion (Renaissance) - ANSWER Many people in the Renaissance embodied a strong interest in rationalism and scientific inquiry leading to a deeper understanding of the world and technology, medicine, transportationa nd warfare. University system (Renaissance) - ANSWER The Renaissance approach to education produced the ideal well rounded person. Individualism/Self-fashioning (Renaissance) - ANSWER Artisits sought public recognition and reputation. Represented identity with dress. Reformation (Renaissance) - ANSWER Protestantism, sparked by Martin Luther's outspoken disagreement with many church practices that he believed were correct. Skepticism (NeoClassical) - ANSWER The school of "rational Skepticism" was prominent during the Enlightenment to ensure philosophers reached conscious based reason, not prejudice. Rationalism (NeoClassical) - ANSWER The role of reason as the key to knowledge. Empiricism (NeoClassical) - ANSWER Francis Bacon defined as basing ideas and theories on the direct experience of the senses, including experimentation, as opposed to knowledge gained from books. Order (NeoClassical) - ANSWER Enlightenment thinkers and leaders sought to design political and social order that reflected natural laws and gods will. Deism (NeoClassical) - ANSWER A Belief system that credits God as the original architect of the Universe but God does not currently oversee the events of the world. Classicism (NeoClassical) - ANSWER In the arts, a resurgence of classical ideas like Harmony, realism, and reason inspire NeoClassical movement. Nationalism (Romantic) - ANSWER Due to key events like the French Revolution and the establishment of the United States, many western countries sought to extinguish their identities, leading Romantic artists to express their identities through their work. Exoticism (Romantic) - ANSWER A cross-continental transportation became easier and colonialism became more widespread. Revolution (Romantic) - ANSWER Romantics generally supported revolution against tradition. Heroism (Romantic) - ANSWER The Byronic or Romantic Hero was an embodiment of the revolutionary thought and introspective concern that Romantics faced in this era. Passion (Romantic) - ANSWER Artists explored the full spectrum of uninhibited human emotion and generally favored the strong sentiments of affection, sorrow and romantic longing over the rational and logical. Individualism (Romantic) - ANSWER Romantics celebrated the righteousness of human individuality and developed a new found respect for the figure of imaginative genius. Nature (Romantic) - ANSWER Many found wisdom and solace in the natural world and sought to represent the strange emotions that occur when encountering the sublime. Darwinism (Realist) - ANSWER Charles Darwin's theory of evolution due to natural selection shed a new light on the development of humans as a species: Realists valued Darwin's empirical proof over religious faith. Scientific Materialism (Realist) - ANSWER The philosophical view that nothing exists but the physical reality that can be seen through the natural sciences. Industrialization (Realistic) - ANSWER Realists wanted to portray the real consequences of the Industrial Revolution, which exposed the large differences between the Wealthy and the working class. Difficult working conditions brought about Industrialization. Age of Doubt (Realist) - ANSWER The tension between ideals of the past and the harsh new realities of the present and insecurity of the future helped shape a particular sensibility during the realist period. The Classical Period - ANSWER Balance, Democracy/Republic, Humanism, Polytheism, and Truth/Reason The Renaissance Period - ANSWER Rebirth of Classicism, Humanism, Rationalism/Scientific Expansion, University System, Individualism/Self Fashioning and Reformation The NeoClassical Period - ANSWER Skepticism, Rationalism, Empiricism, Order, Deism, and Classicism The Romantic Period - ANSWER Nationalism, Exoticism, Revolution, Heroism, passion, Individualism and Nature The Realistic Period - ANSWER Darwinism, Scientific Materialism, Industrialization, Individualism, and Age of Doubt A 2-syllable foot occurring five times in a line? - ANSWER Ianmbic Pentameter