monosaccharide examples -> glucose, fructose, galactose
condensation reaction -> chemical reaction where a water molecule is made
hydrolysis -> chemical reaction where a water molecule is added
Monosaccharides -> single carbohydrate monomer (CH2O)n
glycosidic bond -> condensation reaction between two monosaccharides makes a
bond
glucose -> two isomers - alpha and beta glucose
Disaccharide examples -> maltose, sucrose, lactose
maltose
sucrose
lactose -> glucose + glucose
glucose + fructose
glucose + galactose
alpha glucose -> OH on bottom
eg. glycogen and starch
beta glucose -> OH on top
eg. cellulose
glycogen -> alpha glucose
1, 4 and 1, 6 glycosidic bonds
large number of side branches meaning that energy can be released quickly
starch -> storage form of glucose in plants
mixture of two polysaccharides - amylose and amylopectin
, insoluble not affect water potential
amylose -> unbranched chain of glucose
1, 4 glycosidic bonds
coiled
amylopectin -> many side branches
1, 4 and 1, 6 glycosidic bonds
side branches -> can be acted upon simultaneously by many enzymes and thus
broken down to release its energy.
cellulose -> long, unbranched chains of beta glucose
joined by glycosidic bonds
microfibrils -> strong threads which are made of long cellulose chains running
parallel to one another
joined together by hydrogen bonds forming strong cross linkages
Benedict's solution -> presence of reducing sugars (All
monosaccharides and some disaccharides)
blue -> brick red
iodine test -> starch
orange -> blue black
reducing sugar -> reducing agent
oxidates itself (electron taken)
reduce subject (electron given)
without being hydrolysed
eg. most sugars
non-reducing sugar -> carbohydrates that do not reduce
eg. sucrose
condensation reaction -> chemical reaction where a water molecule is made
hydrolysis -> chemical reaction where a water molecule is added
Monosaccharides -> single carbohydrate monomer (CH2O)n
glycosidic bond -> condensation reaction between two monosaccharides makes a
bond
glucose -> two isomers - alpha and beta glucose
Disaccharide examples -> maltose, sucrose, lactose
maltose
sucrose
lactose -> glucose + glucose
glucose + fructose
glucose + galactose
alpha glucose -> OH on bottom
eg. glycogen and starch
beta glucose -> OH on top
eg. cellulose
glycogen -> alpha glucose
1, 4 and 1, 6 glycosidic bonds
large number of side branches meaning that energy can be released quickly
starch -> storage form of glucose in plants
mixture of two polysaccharides - amylose and amylopectin
, insoluble not affect water potential
amylose -> unbranched chain of glucose
1, 4 glycosidic bonds
coiled
amylopectin -> many side branches
1, 4 and 1, 6 glycosidic bonds
side branches -> can be acted upon simultaneously by many enzymes and thus
broken down to release its energy.
cellulose -> long, unbranched chains of beta glucose
joined by glycosidic bonds
microfibrils -> strong threads which are made of long cellulose chains running
parallel to one another
joined together by hydrogen bonds forming strong cross linkages
Benedict's solution -> presence of reducing sugars (All
monosaccharides and some disaccharides)
blue -> brick red
iodine test -> starch
orange -> blue black
reducing sugar -> reducing agent
oxidates itself (electron taken)
reduce subject (electron given)
without being hydrolysed
eg. most sugars
non-reducing sugar -> carbohydrates that do not reduce
eg. sucrose
