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Lecture notes

TEMA 7. CARDIOLOGÍA

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Apuntes del tema 7 de cardiología del libro EIR (Academia AMIR)

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TEMA 7: ENFERMEDADES DEL MIOCARDIO

MIOCARDITIS
Definición Afectación cardiaca por un proceso inflamatorio

Etiologia S/a infecciones virales (miocarditis vírica).
S/a fármacos o radiación.
Clínica Muy variable (asintomática hasta IC congestiva y muerte súbita).

Diagnóstico - Exploración física normal o compatible con IC.
- ECG: Signos de pericarditis, arritmias.
- Laboratorio: ↑ de los marcadores cardíacos.
- Ecocardiograma: para valorar la afectación del ♥
- RM, gammagrafía: Identifican patrones inflamatorios característicos.
Diagnostico diferencial del infarto de miocardio.
Tratamiento Reposo hasta le recuperación completa del cuadro + síntomas de la IC y
alteraciones del ritmo. * Evitar antiinflamatorios en fase aguda.




MIOCARDIOPATÍA DILATADA
Definición Dilatación de las cavidades cardiacas, comprometiendo la función
sistólica del ♥.
Etiologia Es de exclusión, después de descartar otras causas secundarias de
dilatación ventricular.
Clínica 1º dilatación ventricular → 2º↓ contractilidad → Signos de IC
Se puede producir insuficencia mitral o tricúspidea o trombos
intracavitatorios y embolias
Diagnóstico - Rx de tórax
- ECG: Alteraciones de la repolarización, arritmias, bloqueo de rama izq.
- Ecocardiograma: Disfunción sistólica con alteración global de
contractilidad.
Tratamiento - TTº de la IC.
- TTº de arritmias asociadas.
- Resincronización cardíaca
- Transplante cardiaco en caso avanzado.




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