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TEMA 5. CARDIOLOGÍA

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Apuntes del tema 5 de cardiología del libro EIR (Academia AMIR)

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Uploaded on
March 10, 2023
Number of pages
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Written in
2022/2023
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  • eir
  • amir
  • enfermería

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TEMA 5: VALVULOPATÍAS

FISIOPATOLOGÍA: Las válvulas cardíacas pueden sufrir:
1. Estenosis = estrechez

2. Insuficencia = incompetencia en el cierre.

3. Soplos = vibraciones anormales audibles provocadas por los flujos de sangre.



SOPLOS EN LAS ESTENOSIS VALVULARES:

- Soplos diastólicos en válvula mitral y tricúspide.

- Soplos sistólicos en válvula pulmonar y aórtica.

SOPLOS EN LAS INSUFICENCIAS VALVULARES:

- Soplos sistólicos en válvula mitral y tricúspide.

- Soplos diastólicos en válvula pulmonar y aórtica.



CARACTERÍSTICAS DE LAS PRINCIPALES VALVULOPATÍAS:
ETIOLOGIA:

• Estenosis mitral → la + frecuente: cardiopatía reumatoide.

• Insuficencia mitral → la + frecuente: degenerativa.

• Estenosis aórtica → la + frecuente: degenerativa.

• Insuficencia aórtica → la + frecuente: la secundaria a dilatación de la raíz aórtica.



CLINICA:

• Insuficencia cardiaca:
- Disnea de esfuerzo - Edemas en mimbros inferiores.

- Ortopnea

• Estenosis aórtica:
- Angina de pecho - Síncope

- Disnea

• Estenosis mitral:
- Hemoptisis

- Tos irritativa
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