MSN 571 ADVANCE PHARMA QUIZ 1 Questions and Answers Latest 2023,100% CORRECT

MSN 571 ADVANCE PHARMA QUIZ 1 Questions and Answers Latest 2023 Prescriptive authority - Correct Answers legal authority granted to advanced practice nurses to prescribe medication; DETERMINED BY STATE LAW Rational Drug Selection - Correct Answers based on individual patient and addresses disease specific information: ONLY A GUIDELINE Drug Selection - Correct Answers includes analysis of cost, guidelines, availability, interactions, side effects, allergies, hepatic and renal function, need for monitoring, special precautions i.e elderly medication education basic components - Correct Answers medication name purpose dosing regimen administration adverse effects any storage needs associated labs testing food & drug interactions duration of therapy medication adherence - Correct Answers barriers to adherence= forgetfulness lack of planning cost dissatisfaction altered dosing Phamacokinetics - Correct Answers study of drug movement throughout body principles of pharmacokinetics - Correct Answersabsorption distribution metabolism excretion Passage of drugs across membranes - Correct Answers- channels and pores - transport systems (P-glycoprotein) - direct penetration of the membrane Absorption of drugs - Correct AnswersTransfer of drugs from site of administration across cell membrane into the blood stream factors that affect absorption of drugs - Correct Answersrate of dissolution- how easy dissolves surface area- >surface area moves faster blood flow- >blood flow moves faster lipid solubility - lipid easily cross membrane ph partitioning - Distribution of drugs - Correct Answersmovement of drugs from systemic circulation to site of drug action factors that determine drug flow - Correct Answersblood flow to tissues ability to exit vascular system ability to enter cell Drug ability to exit vascular system - Correct Answerscapillary bed- typical blood brain barreier placenta drug transfer protein binding - albumin drug ability to enter cell - Correct Answersbinds with receptors on external surface of cell membrane drug metabolism - Correct Answersthe enzymatic biotransformation of a drug structure most occur in liver by P450 system first pass effect - Correct Answersrapid hepatic inactivation of drug on its first pass through liver drug excretion - Correct Answerselimination of a drug from the body Drug Excretion Routes - Correct Answersrenal breast milk bile lungs sweat saliva therapeutic drug range - Correct Answersrange of drug between minimum effective dose and toxic dose. larger index - safer dose smaller index- harmful dose drug half life - Correct Answersthe time required for the amount of drug in the body to decrease by 50% Phamacodynamics - Correct Answersbiochemical and physiological effects of drugs on body dose-response relationship - Correct Answersthe relationship between the size of an administered dose and the intensity it produces Drug selectivity - Correct Answersdrug is effective in intended use w/out harmful effects but causes undesired effects (<BP but > nausea) ease of administration - Correct Answersincreases convenience and adherence and decreases administration efforts Drug affinity - Correct Answersstrength of attraction between a drug and its receptor Drug intrinsic activity - Correct Answersability of drug to activate receptor upon binding. Agonist - Correct Answerseverts effects by activating receptor sites ; can make process so faster or slower Antagonist - Correct Answersproduce effects by preventing receptor activation partial agonist - Correct Answershas only moderate intrinsic activity can act as agonist or antagonist Drugs that do not require receptor - Correct Answersantacids saline laxatives cheating agents antiseptics drug therapeutic index - Correct Answersmeasure of drug safety drug-drug interactions - Correct Answerswhen the effect of a medication is changed, enhanced, or diminished when taken with another drug; caution w/ OTC, herbal, poly pharmacy, illicit drugs Drug-Food Interactions - Correct Answersoccur when a drug reacts with a food; grapefruit juice major interaction adverse drug reaction - Correct Answersany unexpected, unintended, undesired, or excessive response to a medication given at therapeutic dosages (as opposed to overdose) adverse drug reaction examples - Correct Answersallergic reaction, carcinogenic, teratogenic, hepatotoxic, affect QT interval ways to avoid adverse drug reactions - Correct Answersmonitor liver and kidney function monitor serum and creating clearance beers criteria black box warning REM's guideline black box warning - Correct Answersstrongest safety warning drug can have. placental drug transfer - Correct Answers-all drugs can cross the placenta -some can cross more easily than others lipid soluble-easy others -not easy Teratogenesis and Stage of Development - Correct Answersweeks 3-8 gross malformation - first trimester most dangerous weeks 9-38 function disruption Drug therapy and breast feeding - Correct Answerstake meds after breasfeeding take drugs with short half life Drug Therapy in Pediatric Patients - Correct AnswersPediatrics includes all patients under age 16 absorption oral drug- pediatric - Correct Answersdelayed gastric emptying births to (6-8m) decease acidity from birth to 2 years absorption IM drug - pediatric - Correct Answersslow and erratic b/c of low blood flow absorption Transdermal drug - pediatric - Correct Answersrapid and complete bc striatum corner of infant skin is very thin, distribution - pediatric - Correct Answersdrug easily assess blood brain barrier protein binding - amount of albumin is low metabolism - pediatric - Correct Answershepatic metabolism - begins 1 month after birth; mature by 1 year old but. metabolism elevated until 2 years may need more frequent drug Amin excretion- pediatric - Correct Answersrenal excretion low at birth, reaches adult levels by 1 year. adverse drug reaction-reaction-pediatric - Correct Answersglucocorticoids- growth supression tetracyclines - discolored teet pediatric dose determination - Correct Answerschild BSA X adult dosage / 1.73m2 Drug Therapy in Geriatric Patients - Correct Answersabsorption - rate slowed delayed gastric emptying distribution- affected by decrease percentage of lean body, increase body fat; belt o store more lip soluble drugs metabolism - rate decline w/ age d/t decrease hepatic blood flow excretion - decrease d/t decline in renal function USE CREATININE CLEARANCE NOT SERUM CREAT Beers List - Correct Answersa list of drugs with high likelihood of causing adverse effects in older adults opioid receptors - Correct AnswersMu, kappa, delta Mu and kappa are most important opioid receptors Mu opioid receptor - Correct AnswersStimulation produces analgesia, euphoria, respiratory depression and sedation kapa opioid receptor - Correct Answersstimulation produces analgesia, and sedation pure opiods - Correct Answersactivate both mu and papa receptor Physician Dependence - Correct Answersa state when withdrawals will happen if drug is stopped alcohol physiologic effects - Correct Answersincrease BP increase risk f heart failure Increase bone density liver damage gastritis diuretic decrease sexual function cancer affect fetus - pregnancy alcohol metabolism - Correct Answersaverage approx 15 ml/hr = 1 drink per hour alcohol drug interactions - Correct AnswersNSAIDS CNS depressants Tylenol BP meds Vivitrol (Naltrexone) - Correct Answersdecrease craving of alcohol and blocks it's high Disulfiram - Correct AnswersWhat drug is used to prevent alcohol consumption by causing unpleasant effects nicotine patch - pregnancy - Correct AnswersSafer than cigarette smoke drugs to quit smoking - Correct Answersnicotine, Wellbutrin, zyban Dextromethorphan - Correct AnswersDelsym; cough suppressant OTC ; abused by teenagers and adolescent