NR 442 community Exam 2023
public health goal - ANSWER preserve health of the community and surrounding
populations by focusing on health promotion and health maintenance of
individuals, families, and groups within the community.
Community - ANSWER A group of or collection of individuals interacting in
social units and sharing common interests, characteristics, values and goals.
- PRIMARY FOCUS OF COMMUNITY HEALTH
System/group Level of Practice Example - ANSWER community health nurse
working with the state health department and federal vaccine program to
coordinate a response to an outbreak of measles in a migrant population.
Community/Population Level of Practice Example - ANSWER public health
nurses working with area high schools to give each student a profile of his or her
health to promote nutritional and physical activity lifestyle changes to improve
the student's health.
Individual Level of Practice Example - ANSWER nurse receives a referral to care
for an individual with a diagnosed mental illness who would require regular
monitoring of his medication compliance to prevent rehospitalization
Core Functions of Public Health - ANSWER - assessment
- policy development
- assurance of availability
Primary Prevention - ANSWER - prevention of problem before it occurs
- immunization
Secondary Prevention - ANSWER - early detection and intervention
- screening for an STD
- for diseases that can be controlled
Tertiary Prevention - ANSWER - correction and prevention of deterioration of a
disease state
,- teaching insulin administration at home
What is the main focus of Public Health? - ANSWER PREVENTION
What has the greatest influence on Community Health? - ANSWER behavioral
choices
What are the 3 elements of the Epidemiology Triangle? - ANSWER - agent
- host
- environment
Epidemiology Triangle - ANSWER - depends on the extent of the host's exposure
to an agent, the strength or virulence of the agent, and the host's genetic or
immunological susceptibility.
- also depends on the environmental conditions existing at the time of exposure
Incidence Rate - ANSWER describe the occurrence of new cases of a disease or
condition in a community over a period of time relative to the size of the
population at risk for that disease or condition during that same time period. ex)
detecting short term chances in acute diseases like the flu
Prevalence Rate - ANSWER the number of all cases of a specific disease or
condition in a population at a given point in time relative to the population at the
same point in time. Increase of incidence rate increase prevalence rate.
Endemic - ANSWER Diseases that are always present in a population (e.g., colds
and pneumonia)
Epidemic - ANSWER Diseases that are not always present in a population but
flare up on occasion (e.g., diphtheria and measles)
Pandemic - ANSWER The existence of disease in a large proportion of the
population: a global epidemic (e.g., human immunodeficiency virus, acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome, and annual outbreaks of influenza type A)
Chronic vs Acute (prevalence) - ANSWER chronic always has a higher prevalence
than acute disease
, Passive Immunity - ANSWER - natural contact with antibody
- hep a --) immunoglobin
- through blood or plasma
EXAMPLE: Infant born with temporary antibodies to measles. Temporary or
through colostrum and breast milk
Active-natural Immunity - ANSWER - Natural contact and infection with the
antigen
- acquiring measles
Leading Cause of Preventable Death - ANSWER - smoking
- alcohol
- lifestyle choices
Herd Immunity - ANSWER those not immune to an infectious agent are
protected if a certain proportion of the population has been vaccinated or is
otherwise immune
ANA - Code of Ethics - ANSWER promotes social reform by focusing on health
policy and legislation to positively affect accessibility, quality, and cost of health
care.
Social Justice - ANSWER - Mission of Public Health
- entitles all people to basic necessities such as adequate income and health
protection and accepts collective burdens to make it possible.
Demographic Data - ANSWER - Age, gender, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic
status, education level
- found in a census
Windshield Survey - ANSWER - driving through an area and making organized
observations
- nurse can gain an understanding of the environmental layout
How do you know if your interventions worked? - ANSWER - look at baseline
public health goal - ANSWER preserve health of the community and surrounding
populations by focusing on health promotion and health maintenance of
individuals, families, and groups within the community.
Community - ANSWER A group of or collection of individuals interacting in
social units and sharing common interests, characteristics, values and goals.
- PRIMARY FOCUS OF COMMUNITY HEALTH
System/group Level of Practice Example - ANSWER community health nurse
working with the state health department and federal vaccine program to
coordinate a response to an outbreak of measles in a migrant population.
Community/Population Level of Practice Example - ANSWER public health
nurses working with area high schools to give each student a profile of his or her
health to promote nutritional and physical activity lifestyle changes to improve
the student's health.
Individual Level of Practice Example - ANSWER nurse receives a referral to care
for an individual with a diagnosed mental illness who would require regular
monitoring of his medication compliance to prevent rehospitalization
Core Functions of Public Health - ANSWER - assessment
- policy development
- assurance of availability
Primary Prevention - ANSWER - prevention of problem before it occurs
- immunization
Secondary Prevention - ANSWER - early detection and intervention
- screening for an STD
- for diseases that can be controlled
Tertiary Prevention - ANSWER - correction and prevention of deterioration of a
disease state
,- teaching insulin administration at home
What is the main focus of Public Health? - ANSWER PREVENTION
What has the greatest influence on Community Health? - ANSWER behavioral
choices
What are the 3 elements of the Epidemiology Triangle? - ANSWER - agent
- host
- environment
Epidemiology Triangle - ANSWER - depends on the extent of the host's exposure
to an agent, the strength or virulence of the agent, and the host's genetic or
immunological susceptibility.
- also depends on the environmental conditions existing at the time of exposure
Incidence Rate - ANSWER describe the occurrence of new cases of a disease or
condition in a community over a period of time relative to the size of the
population at risk for that disease or condition during that same time period. ex)
detecting short term chances in acute diseases like the flu
Prevalence Rate - ANSWER the number of all cases of a specific disease or
condition in a population at a given point in time relative to the population at the
same point in time. Increase of incidence rate increase prevalence rate.
Endemic - ANSWER Diseases that are always present in a population (e.g., colds
and pneumonia)
Epidemic - ANSWER Diseases that are not always present in a population but
flare up on occasion (e.g., diphtheria and measles)
Pandemic - ANSWER The existence of disease in a large proportion of the
population: a global epidemic (e.g., human immunodeficiency virus, acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome, and annual outbreaks of influenza type A)
Chronic vs Acute (prevalence) - ANSWER chronic always has a higher prevalence
than acute disease
, Passive Immunity - ANSWER - natural contact with antibody
- hep a --) immunoglobin
- through blood or plasma
EXAMPLE: Infant born with temporary antibodies to measles. Temporary or
through colostrum and breast milk
Active-natural Immunity - ANSWER - Natural contact and infection with the
antigen
- acquiring measles
Leading Cause of Preventable Death - ANSWER - smoking
- alcohol
- lifestyle choices
Herd Immunity - ANSWER those not immune to an infectious agent are
protected if a certain proportion of the population has been vaccinated or is
otherwise immune
ANA - Code of Ethics - ANSWER promotes social reform by focusing on health
policy and legislation to positively affect accessibility, quality, and cost of health
care.
Social Justice - ANSWER - Mission of Public Health
- entitles all people to basic necessities such as adequate income and health
protection and accepts collective burdens to make it possible.
Demographic Data - ANSWER - Age, gender, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic
status, education level
- found in a census
Windshield Survey - ANSWER - driving through an area and making organized
observations
- nurse can gain an understanding of the environmental layout
How do you know if your interventions worked? - ANSWER - look at baseline
