FTCE Guidance and Counseling Study Guide| 120 questions| with complete solutions

What are considered to be the core conditions of effective counseling? correct answer: Empathy Unconditional positive regard Congruence Erik Erikson correct answer: *Psychosocial theory of human development: ; *Field: neo-Freudian, humanistic; *Contributions: created an 8-stage theory to show how people evolve through the life span. Describe the 1st of Erikson's 8 periods of life Infancy correct answer: Trust vs Mistrust Birth - 2 years old Important Events: Feeding Outcome: -Children develop trust when caregivers provide reliability, care, and affection. -Lack of this will lead to mistrust. Describe Erikson's 2nd Period of Life Early Childhood correct answer: Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt 2-3 years old Important Events: toilet training Outcome: -Children need to develop a sense of personal control over physical skills and sense of independence. -Success = autonomy, Failure = Shame and Doubt. Describe Erikson's 3rd Period of Life Preschool correct answer: Initiative vs Guilt 3-5 years old Important Events: Exploration Outcomes: -Children must assert control/power over their environment. -Success = sense of purpose, Failure = children try to exert too much power and experience disapproval, resulting in a sense of guilt. Describe Erikson's 4th Period of Life School Age correct answer: Industry vs Inferiority 6-11 years old Important Events: School Outcomes: -Children must cope with new social and academic demands. -Success = sense of competence, Failure = feelings of inferiority. Describe Erikson's 5th Period of Life Adolescence correct answer: Identity vs Role Confusion