TEST BANK FOR UNDERSTANDING PATHOPHYSIOLOGY (6TH ED) BY SUE E. HUETHER, KATHRYN L. MCCANCE

TEST BANK FOR UNDERSTANDING PATHOPHYSIOLOGY (6TH ED) BY SUE E. HUETHER, KATHRYN L. MCCANCE PART ONE: BASIC CONCEPTS OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Unit 1: The Cell 1. Cellular Biology 2. Genes and Genetic Diseases 3. Epigenetics and Disease (NEW) 4. Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology 5. Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases Unit 2: Mechanisms of Self-Defense 6. Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing 7. Adaptive Immunity 8. Infection and Defects in Mechanisms of Defense 9. Stress and Disease Unit 3: Cellular Proliferation: Cancer 10. Biology of Cancer 11. Cancer Epidemiology 12. Cancer in Children and Adolescents PART TWO: BODY SYSTEMS AND DISEASES Unit 4: The Neurologic System 13. Structure and Function of the Neurologic System 14. Pain, Temperature, Sleep, and Sensory Function 15. Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics and Motor Function 16. Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and Neuromuscular Junction 17. Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children Unit 5: The Endocrine System 18. Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation 19. Alterations of Hormonal Regulation Unit 6: The Hematologic System 20. Structure and Function of the Hematologic System 21. Alterations in Hematologic Function 22. Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children Unit 7: The Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems 23. Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems 24. Alterations of Cardiovascular Function 25. Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children Unit 8: The Pulmonary System 26. Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System 27. Alterations of Pulmonary Function 28. Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children Unit 9: The Renal and Urologic Systems 29. Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems 30. Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function 31. Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children Unit 10: The Reproductive Systems 32. Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems 33. Alterations of the Female Reproductive System 34. Alterations of the Male Reproductive System Unit 11: The Digestive System 35. Structure and Function of the Digestive System 36. Alterations of Digestive Function 37. Alterations in Digestive Function in Children Unit 12: The Musculoskeletal and Integumentary Systems 38. Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System 39. Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function 40. Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children 41. Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument 42. Alterations of the Integument in Children Understanding Pathophysiology 6th Edition Huether Test Bank Chapter 01: Cellular Biology Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 6th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. A student is observing a cell under the microscope. It is observed to have supercoiled DNA with histones. Which of the following would also be observed by the student? a. A single circular chromosome b. A nucleus c. Free-floating nuclear material d. No organelles ANS: B The cell described is a eukaryotic cell, so it has histones and a supercoiled DNA within its nucleus; thus, the nucleus should be observed. A single circular chromosome called a prokaryote contains free-floating nuclear material but has no organelles. REF: p. 2 2. A nurse is instructing the staff about cellular functions. Which cellular function is the nurse describing when an isolated cell absorbs oxygen and uses it to transform nutrients to energy? a. Metabolic absorption b. Communication c. Secretion d. Respiration ANS: D The cell’s ability to absorb oxygen is referred to as respiration while its communication ability involves maintenance of a steady dynamic state, metabolic absorption provides nutrition, and secretion allows for the synthesizing of new substances. REF: p. 2 3. A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would most of the genetic information be contained? a. Mitochondria b. Ribosome c. Nucleolus d. Nucleus Cytoplasm ANS: C The region of the cell that contains genetic material, including a large amount of ribonucleic acid, most of the DNA, and DNA-binding proteins, is the nucleolus, which is located within the cell’s nucleus. Mitochondria is associated with cellular respiration, while ribosomes are involved with protein manufacturing. Cytoplasm is a fluid filling that is a component of the cell. REF: p. 2 Understanding Pathophysiology 6th Edition Huether Test Bank U S N T O 4. Which of the following can remove proteins attached to the cell’s bilayer by dissolving the layer itself? a. Peripheral membrane proteins b. Integral membrane proteins c. Glycoproteins d. Cell adhesion molecules ANS: B Proteins directly attached to the membrane bilayer can be removed by the action of integral membrane proteins that dissolve the bilayer. Peripheral membrane proteins reside at the surface while cell adhesion molecules are on the outside of the membrane. Glycoprotein marks cells and does not float. REF: p. 7 5. Which of the following can bind to plasma membrane receptors? a. Oxygen b. Ribosomes c. Amphipathic lipids d. Ligands ANS: D Ligands are the only specific molecules that can bind with receptors on the cell membrane. REF: p. 9 6. A nurse is reviewing a report from a patient with metastatic cancer. What alternation in the extracellular matrix would suNppoRrt thIe dGiagnBCs ofMmetastatic cancer? a. Decreased fibronectin b. Increased collagen c. Decreased elastin d. Increased glycoproteins ANS: A Only a reduced amount of fibronectin is found in some types of cancerous cells, allowing them to travel or metastasize. REF: p. 10 7. Which form of cell communication is used to relate to other cells in direct physical contact? a. Cell junction b. Gap junction c. Desmosome d. Tight junction ANS: A Cell junctions hold cells together and permit molecules to pass from cell to cell. Gap junctions allow for cellular communication between cells. Neither desmosomes nor tight junctions are associated with cellular communication. REF: p. 11 Understanding Pathophysiology 6th Edition Huether Test Bank 8. Pancreatic beta cells secrete insulin, which inhibits secretion of glucagon from neighboring alpha cells. This action is an example of which of the following signaling types? a. Paracrine b. Autocrine c. Neurohormonal d. Hormonal ANS: A Paracrine signaling involves the release of local chemical mediators that are quickly taken up, destroyed, or immobilized, as in the case of insulin and the inhibition of the secretion of glucagon. None of the other options involve signaling that is associated with a local chemical mediator like insulin. REF: p. 12 9. In cellular metabolism, each enzyme has a high affinity for a: a. solute. b. substrate. c. receptor. d. ribosome. ANS: B Each enzyme has a high affinity for a substrate, a specific substance converted to a product of the reaction. Cellular metabolism is not dependent on an attraction between an enzyme and any of the remaining options. REF: p. 16 10. An athlete runs a marathon, after which his muscles feel fatigued and unable to contract. The athlete asks the nurse why this happened. The nurse’s response is based on the knowledge that the problem is result of a deficiency of: a. GTP b. AMP c. ATP d. GMP ANS: C When ATP is deficient, impaired muscle contraction results. None of the other options are involved in muscle contraction. REF: p. 16 11. Which phase of catabolism produces the most ATP? a. Digestion b. Glycolysis c. Oxidation d. Citric acid cycle ANS: D While some ATP is produced during the oxidation and glycolysis phases, most of the ATP is generated during the citric acid cycle. Digestion does not produce any ATP.