WGU BIOCHEM questions with correct answers 100%

WGU BIOCHEM questions with correct answers 100% What is the complimentary DNA sequence to this sequence 5' - ATC CTT TAG GTT-3' - correct answer 5'-AAC CTA AAG GAT-3' Which answer choice displays the tRNA anticodon of the mRNA codon 5'- UGA-3'? - correct answer 5'-UCA-3' What would be the resulting mRNA sequence from the template strand with this sequence: 5'-CAG CTC GTC-3' - correct answer 5'-GAC GAG CUG-3' What is the coding strand DNA that would be made from this template strand? 5'-AAA TAC CGG GAT-3' - correct answer 5'-ATC CCG GTA TTT-3' What is the coding strand sequence if the non-template strand sequence is 5'-AGC CTT TAA CTA-3' - correct answer 3'-ATC AAT TTC CGA-5' Given this template sequence 5'-GAT TAA CGA-3' what is the corresponding mRNA sequence? - correct answer 5' UCG UUA AUC-3 What is the complementary strand to the following DNA sequence 5'-GCC CGG TTA AGC-3' - correct answer 5'- GCT TAA CCG GGC-3' The DNA sequence 3'-ATG ATC CTT-5' is part of the template strand during DNA replication. Which of the following would be the correct sequence for the newly made DNA? - correct answer 5'-TAC TAG GAA-3' What is the complementary DNA strand for the DNA sequence 5'-ATT CGG GCT CCC -3'? - correct answer 5'- GGG AGC CCG AAT-3' What is one direct effect of inhibiting translation? - correct answer The production of proteins would stop Which of the following is NOT part of mRNA processing prior to translation? - correct answer Promoters (this is part of transcription) tdahlke What is the function of DNA polymerase in the process of PCR? - correct answer It recognizes (not synthesizes) the primers and uses the available dNTPs to replicate the template DNA sequence Nonsense Mutation - correct answer Changes one amino acid to a Stop codon Missense Mutation - correct answer Changes one amino acid to a different one Insertions/Deletions of a codon - correct answer Alters the gene's reading frame causing a frameshift mutation Silent Mutation - correct answer One single base is changed but the amino acid stays the same Studies have shown that increased expression of two genes called SIRT1 and SIRT2 is associated with chronic exposure to cocaine and contributes to drug addiction, what difference in the regions of the SIRT1 and SIRT2 genes in ppl addicted to cocaine increase their expression? - correct answer The nucleosomes become more widely spaced. What scenario describes epigenetic regulation of the agouti gene? - correct answer Mother mice fed methyl-rich diets during pregnancy give birth to offspring with decreased agouti gene expression compared to those fed methyl-poor diet. Oxidative damage to DNA can often result in the alteration of a single nucleotide. Which DNA repair mechanism would repair this type of damage? - correct answer Base Excision Repair XP is a recessive genetic disease that occurs when one or more of the genes that perform nucleotide excision repair are nonfunctional. Why do XP patients have a much higher incidence of skin cancer that the general population? - correct answer The mutation rate of all other genes is higher due to failure to repair. What reaction is responsible for the formation of polypeptides. - correct answer Dehydration What reaction is responsible for the destruction/breaking of polypeptides. - correct answer Hydrolysis Hydrophobic/External Hydrocarbons in the R-Group (H+) are considered? - correct answer Non-polar amino acids Bent/hydroxyl group (OH) and an amino group (NH2) are considered? - correct answer Polar amino acids Order of amino acids - correct answer Primary Structure When using heat to denature a protein, as heat increases, this creates a - correct answer Hydrophobic interaction What bonds are disrupted by the denature method: PH (acid/base) and Salt - correct answer Ionic/hydrogen bonds What bonds are disrupted by the denature method: Reducing agent - correct answer Disulfide bonds What bonds are disrupted by the denature method: heat - correct answer hydrophobic bonds How can alteration in the protein structure lead to a disease state? - correct answer A mutation replaces an isoleucine with aspartic acid in a transcription factor protein, which blocks normal folding of the protein and it's function in the expression of certain genes. In which situation would body function be disrupted by altering protein structure? - correct answer A mutation in aconite blocks an essential step in aerobic metabolism. What is the driving mechanism of plaque formation in prion disease? - correct answer Propagation of misfiling from one protein to another Bohr effect - correct answer An increase in CO2 production leads to a decrease in blood ph, causing hemoglobin to release O2 more readily. What statement describes the binding of oxygen gas to a heme group? - correct answer The binding of oxygen gas to heme changes the structure of the heme group. How does pH level promote the deoxygenated conformation of Hgb? - correct answer When ph lowers, excess H+ binds to negatively charged side chains on the Hgb and changes ionic bonds between subunits to favor the T state. How does Hgb keep blood pH neutral during exercise? - correct answer Deoxygenated Hgb binds to excess H+ What is feedback inhibition? - correct answer Reversible, noncompetitive inhibition of an enzyme in a pathway by a product of the pathway. This form of enzyme regulation is likely to be used by an organism to control the catalytic activity of it's enzymes as it adapts to changes in the available nutrients. Induced fit - correct answer Substrate binding causes a conformation change. What type of inhibition occurs when a particular drug binds to the allosteric site of an enzyme and subsequently changes the enzyme structure? - correct answer Noncompetitive Inhibition How is energy provided for ATP production during the final stage of aerobic metabolism? - correct answer Protons diffuse through a transmembrane protein Carbohydrate Metabolism - correct answer Stimulates the uptake of glucose from the blood by cells in the body. How does insulin reduce blood glucose levels? - correct answer It increase the translocation of the GluT4 transporter tot he cell membrane What cellular condition prompts the cell to perform fermentation rather than Krebs Cycle? - correct answer Lack of O2 Beta Oxidation - correct answer Involves coenzymes A, NAD, FAD, is the process of breaking down fatty acids for energy. Occurs in the Cytoplasm. What is the role of oxygen in aerobic metabolism? - correct answer Its acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain What pathway is triggered by increased levels of epinephrine? - correct answer Gylcogenolysis Which type of molecule can be used in gluconeogenisis? - correct answer Amino Acids Which molecule acts as the primary signal for glycogen breakdown? - correct answer Glucagon What is the possible chemical formula for a monounsaturated fatty acid? - correct answer C8H14O2 Eicoosanoids - correct answer Act as signaling molecules, they are another class of lipids that act as hormones. Act in very low concentration and help with regulating bp, pain, fever, blood coagulation and reproduction. which component of RBC's determine blood type in the ABO blood group? - correct answer Gylcolipids and glycoproteins Which event is stimulated by release of glucagon into the blood? - correct answer Increase in lipolysis of triglycerides What occurs in the otherwise healthy person whose diet has very few carbs and high levels of fats? - correct answer Acetone is produced in the blood What occurs during the process of alternative splicing of mRNA? - correct answer Alternate combinations of exons within the same gene are linked together. What type of mammalian DNA damage repair requires the presence of the chromosome that is homologous to the damaged chromosome? - correct answer Recombination Which force is most influential in determining the tertiary structure of a protein? - correct answer Hydrophobic effect What is the name of the large, functional protein structures composed of smaller proteins with multiple subunits? - correct answer Quaternary Structure What process if disrupted after a patient ingests excessive antacid that neutralizes the pH of the stomach? - correct answer Protein Catabolism Which situation would most likely lead to a permanent alteration of protein function? - correct answer A mutation that substitutes a hydrophobic amino acid with a hydrophilic acid In what condition does Hgb bind to O2 most readily? - correct answer Hgb is already bound to O2 Which feature of Hgb makes it effective O2 transport molecule? - correct answer Its affinity for O2 is regulated by PH Hgb saturated with O2? - correct answer Amount of CO2 decreases What is a temporary modification to protein structure by kinase that alters enzyme function? - correct answer Phosphorylation Which enzyme binding scenario best describes enzyme specificity and action? - correct answer An enzyme binds one substrate or closely related substrates to catalyze only one reaction Enzyme-catalyzed reactions - correct answer Are 10(6) to 10(12) times faster. What type of medication could be used to treat a neurodegenerative disease associated with low acetylcholine levels? - correct answer A non-competitive inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase What occurs during the biochemical process of glycation? - correct answer A covalent bond forms between a sugar and a protein or lipid Not present in RBC but is requires in the ETC and CAC? - correct answer Mitochondria How may ATP molecules are used int he conversion of pyruvate to glucose? - correct answer 6 What is the function of cholesterol? - correct answer Maintain membrane fluidity What stimulates beta-oxidation of fatty acids? - correct answer An increase in NAD+ concentrations in the mitochondria matrix Who would lipid production in a cell change in order to maintain fluidity of its cell membranes as it adapts to lower temperatures? - correct answer Produces lipids with shorter fatty acid chains PCR - correct answer is a technique used in molecular biology to amplify a single copy or a few copies of a segment of DNA across several orders of magnitude, generating thousands to millions of copies of a particular DNA sequence. Increased levels of 2,3-BPG will decrease the affinity of O2 by binding to and stabilizes the "T" state of Hgb. The action of 2,3-BPG allows Hgb to release - correct answer The action of 2,3-BPG allows Hgb to release O2 more effectively, which is similar to the effect of low pH on the action of Hgb. O2 brought into the body by the respiratory system and delivered to cells by the circulatory system is used and carbon dioxide is released. This CO2 is then transported to the lungs, where is is eliminated in exhaled air. - correct answer Cellular Respiration Saturated Fatty Acids - correct answer Straight, no double bonds (=), packed tightly, usually solid at room temp (animal fat/wax), have longer chains so melting point is higher Unsaturated Fatty Acids - correct answer Kinked, at least one double bond in hydrocarbon chain, no do pack tightly, liquid at room temp (oil), shorter chains so lower melting point. Each round of Beta Oxidation creates 1 acetyl-CoA (a 2 carbon molecule) To determine the number of acetyl-CoA molecules generated: - correct answer Divide the carbons by 2.