NURS 3031 final exam: weeks 7-11 (A+ graded latest update)

NURS 3031 final exam: weeks 7-11 Folic acid supplement dose recommendation in pregnancy correct answer: -400mcg (0.4mg) daily in addition to folate rich diet -ppl w/ fam hx or diabetes may be recommended higher dose purpose of folic acid during pregnancy correct answer: -decrease risk of neural tube defects -neural tube starts to develop at 3-4weeks gestation sources of folic acid correct answer: -green leafy vegetables -baked beans -citrus fruits -peanuts -liver -fortified cereals and other grain products how many calories extra should a pregnant women be consuming correct answer: 400-500 calories a day extra (especially in 2nd and 3rd trimesters) normal BMI correct answer: 18.5-24.9 Underweight BMI correct answer: <18.5 Obese BMI correct answer: over 30 Overweight BMI correct answer: 25-29.9 How to calculate BMI correct answer: weight (kg) / height (m^2) how much of an increase is required in protein intake in pregnancy correct answer: +25grams During pregnancy do individuals require vitamin and mineral supplements or can a proper diet supply the needed vitamins and minerals? correct answer: -With the exception of folate and iron, nutrient needs of most pregnant client's care be met through dietary sources -Maternity vitamin with iron and folic acid RDA for iron during pregnancy correct answer: 27 mg/day Iron sources correct answer: -liver -red meats -whole grain/enriched breads and cereals -deep leafy green veggies -legumes -dried fruits -patients who have iron deficiency anemia during early pregnancy are at increased risk for ... -iron deficiency during what semester does not carry the same risks??? correct answer: -preterm birth and low birthweight infants -3rd trimester Foods to avoid during pregnancy correct answer: -fish high in mercury -unpasteurized milk or products (soft cheese) -foods w/ raw/uncooked eggs -hot dogs, deli meats Foods to limit during pregnancy correct answer: caffeine and artificial sweeteners recommendation for management of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy correct answer: -small snacks frequently and avoid big meals -bread and crackers as soon as they wake up -avoid spicy and greasy foods distribution of weight for: fetus, placenta, amniotic fluid correct answer: 11lb (5kg) distribution of weight for: uterus correct answer: 2lb (0.9kg) distribution of weight for increased blood volume correct answer: 4lb (1.8kg) distribution of weight for breast tissue correct answer: 3lb (1.4kg) distribution of weight for maternal stores correct answer: 5-10lb (2.3-4.5kg) Recommended weight gain during pregnancy correct answer: -1st trimester: 3-5lbs -2nd-3rd trimesters: avg. 1lb/week -by 26 weeks they have gained 16lbs consequences of high birth weight correct answer: -prolonged labour and birth -birth trauma -birth asphyxia -cesarean birth -increased risk of perinatal mortality nutrition needs during lactation are correct answer: similar to those during pregnancy w/ increased calorie consumption recommended that infants be _____ for the first 6months of life and why correct answer: -exclusively breastfed -human breast milk is species specific most common reason that clients stop breastfeeding correct answer: perceptions that they don't have enough milk production but most of the time there always is benefits of breastfeeding for mother correct answer: -financially inexpensive -bonding and convenience -oxytocin is released to help contract uterus -weight loss from burning extra calories benefits of breastfeeding for baby correct answer: -easily digested -immunoglobulin A helps w/ immune system (less likely to get ear and GI infections) -decreased risk of SIDs, food allergy, asthma how often do breastfed babies feed while compared to formula fed correct answer: -fed more frequently -they digest the food faster Lactogenesis process correct answer: -ductules enlarge into lactiferous ducts and sinuses where milk collects behind the nipple -each nipple has pores where milk is transferred to suckling infant after birth, a precipitate decrease in ____ and _____ levels triggers release of... correct answer: -estrogen and progesterone levels -prolactin from anterior pituitary gland what does infant suckling result in correct answer: -rise in prolactin levels -stimulates oxytocin ("milk ejection reflex") -contracts uterus (afterpains) colostrum correct answer: -begins in pregnancy and continues for first few days after birth -thicker than mature milk, yellow appearance -contains more protein, fat-soluble vitamins, minerals and high levels of immunoglobulins transitional milk correct answer: -replaces colostrum 2-3 days after birth until approx 2 weeks -increased level of fat, protein, vitamins, and more calories than colostrum Foremilk correct answer: high water content and contains vitamins, proteins, and lactose Hindmilk correct answer: milk at end of feed; higher in fat