WGU D027 Exam Study Guide With Complete Solution – Questions and Answers 2023

WGU D027 Exam Study Guide With Complete Solution – Questions and Answers 2023. Cystic Fibrosis - ANSWER affects pancreas causing secretions in lungs 21st Trisomy - ANSWER Down Syndrome Klinefelter Syndrome (XXY) - ANSWER male has extra X, female like qualities Turner Syndrome - ANSWER Missing X in females Alpha Thalassemia - ANSWER inherited blood disorder; mild to severe anemia Beta Thallasemia - ANSWER low hemoglobin; contraindicated medication ferrous sulfate Prevalence Risk - ANSWER proportion of the population affected at a certain time Incidence rate - ANSWER number of new cases divided by population Innate immunity - ANSWER inflammation; increased vascular permeability B&T lymphocytes - ANSWER immune response primary malignant tumor - ANSWER lack of organization of cells glucocorticoids - ANSWER used in combination with other agent to treat lymphoid tissue (leukemia). glucocorticoids are directly toxic to lymphoid tissues. Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERM) - ANSWER for hormone receptor positive and advanced breast cancer. (Tamoxifin reduces risk and recurrence risk) Heart failure - ANSWER impairment of the ventricle to fill with or eject blood; heart cannot meet metabolic need of the body. CHF - ANSWER heart cannot keep up with metabolic needs; volume overload in pulmonary area Left Ventricular Dysfunction - ANSWER reduced ejection fraction; ventricle having issue ejecting blood. normal ejection fraction - ANSWER 55 - 60 % (blood pumped out with each heartbeat) Ejection fraction of 50% - reduced or preserved? - ANSWER preserved Diastolic CHF - ANSWER preserved ejection fraction, problem is with filling Systolic CHF - ANSWER reduced ejection fraction, problem is with ejecting Left sided CHF - ANSWER pulmonary (JVD, fluid volume overload, rails, S-3 murmurs) ** #1 cause of Right sided CHF BNP - ANSWER gold standard lab test to diagnose CHF Echocardiogram - ANSWER Diagnostic tool, evaluates heart structure and function At Risk for HF - Stage A - ANSWER no structural heart disease or symptoms of heart failure Stage A HF co-morbidities - ANSWER htn, atherosclerotic disease, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, patients using cardiotoxins with family history Therapy goals of stage A HF - ANSWER treat htn, encourage smoking cessation, encourage regular exercise, treat lipid disorders, discourage alcohol intake/drug use, control metabolic syndrome Meds: ACEI or Angiotensin II RB for vascular disease or diabetes (avapro, losartan, benicar, diovan, etc) At Risk for HF - Stage B - ANSWER structural heart disease but no symptoms of heart failure Stage B HF co-morbidities - ANSWER previous MI, LV remodeling with LV hypertrophy and low EF, asymptomatic valvular disease Therapy goals of Stage B HF - ANSWER Meds: ACEI or ARB, Beta-blockers, inplantable defibrillators