Lecture 7
Disease
- Syndrome: a collection of different signs and symptoms,
usually with a common cause, that presents a clear
picture of a specific diseases
o Acute condition: signs and symptoms appear
suddenly, persist for a shorter time then
disappear
o Chronic condition: develops slowly and last for a
longer time
E.g. Diabetes
- Etiology: the cause of diseases
o Idiopathic: diseases with undetermined causes, we do not know the course
o Communicable/ Infectious: transmitted from one person to person
- Pathogenesis: actual pattern of a diseases’ development
- Epidemiology: the study of the occurrence distribution and transmission of a
communicable diseases
o Endemic diseases -> native to a local region
E.g. Chickenpox in Canada
o Epidemic -> when the disease spreads to many individuals in a population at the
same time
E.g. Ebola
o Pandemic -> epidemic that affect large geographic areas such as across
continents or worldwide
E.g. COVID-19
Diseases Transmission
- Factors:
o Age,
o Gender,
o Sanitation,
o Socio-economic conditions
- Prevention:
o Vaccination (always the big thing)
, o Education,
o Improving living conditions,
o Nutrition,
o Healthy lifestyle (vary to the virus)
Mechanisms of Disease
Disturbances to homeostasis and the body’s responses are the basic mechanisms of diseases;
Balance of the body is the underline!
- Pathophysiology - study of the underlying physiological processes associated with a
disease
o What actually going wrong in various diseases in a physiological point; what’s
change functionally to cause diabetes for example
- Genetic mechanisms - altered or mutated genes cause abnormal protein production ->
leads to absence of a function or abnormal function
- Pathogenic organisms - parasites living within a body and causing harm
o Causes diseases in body when only one side is benefit
- Tumors and cancers - abnormal tissues growths
o Uncontrol of tissues growth
o Excess abnormal cells
- Physical and chemical agents – toxic or destructive chemicals
o Extreme heat or cold
o Mechanical injury, radiation
- Malnutrition – insufficient or imbalanced intake of nutrients
- Autoimmunity – immune system attacking the body
o Sometimes it’s about Overreaction of the immune response leads to further
damage in body and cause death
o Allergies with peanuts can sometimes causes extreme in overreaction -> death
- Inflammation – body normal response when needed to fix injury or diseases
o However, if its prolonged -> damage the tissues
- Degeneration – not age-related breaking apart of body tissues
Disease
- Syndrome: a collection of different signs and symptoms,
usually with a common cause, that presents a clear
picture of a specific diseases
o Acute condition: signs and symptoms appear
suddenly, persist for a shorter time then
disappear
o Chronic condition: develops slowly and last for a
longer time
E.g. Diabetes
- Etiology: the cause of diseases
o Idiopathic: diseases with undetermined causes, we do not know the course
o Communicable/ Infectious: transmitted from one person to person
- Pathogenesis: actual pattern of a diseases’ development
- Epidemiology: the study of the occurrence distribution and transmission of a
communicable diseases
o Endemic diseases -> native to a local region
E.g. Chickenpox in Canada
o Epidemic -> when the disease spreads to many individuals in a population at the
same time
E.g. Ebola
o Pandemic -> epidemic that affect large geographic areas such as across
continents or worldwide
E.g. COVID-19
Diseases Transmission
- Factors:
o Age,
o Gender,
o Sanitation,
o Socio-economic conditions
- Prevention:
o Vaccination (always the big thing)
, o Education,
o Improving living conditions,
o Nutrition,
o Healthy lifestyle (vary to the virus)
Mechanisms of Disease
Disturbances to homeostasis and the body’s responses are the basic mechanisms of diseases;
Balance of the body is the underline!
- Pathophysiology - study of the underlying physiological processes associated with a
disease
o What actually going wrong in various diseases in a physiological point; what’s
change functionally to cause diabetes for example
- Genetic mechanisms - altered or mutated genes cause abnormal protein production ->
leads to absence of a function or abnormal function
- Pathogenic organisms - parasites living within a body and causing harm
o Causes diseases in body when only one side is benefit
- Tumors and cancers - abnormal tissues growths
o Uncontrol of tissues growth
o Excess abnormal cells
- Physical and chemical agents – toxic or destructive chemicals
o Extreme heat or cold
o Mechanical injury, radiation
- Malnutrition – insufficient or imbalanced intake of nutrients
- Autoimmunity – immune system attacking the body
o Sometimes it’s about Overreaction of the immune response leads to further
damage in body and cause death
o Allergies with peanuts can sometimes causes extreme in overreaction -> death
- Inflammation – body normal response when needed to fix injury or diseases
o However, if its prolonged -> damage the tissues
- Degeneration – not age-related breaking apart of body tissues
