Leadership Roles and Management Functions in Nursing Ch. 1-2
questions and answer.
Decision Making - -A complex, cognitive process often defined as choosing a particular course of
action. This is the last step in problem solving process.
-Problem Solving - -Part of decision making and is a systematic process that focuses on analyzing a
difficult situation. This always includes a decision-making step
-Critical Thinking (reflective thinking) - -More complex than problem solving and decision making
as it involves higher order reasoning and evaluation. Also has both cognitive and affective
components.
-critical thinker characteristics - -1. Open to new ideas
2. Intuitive
3.Risk taker
4. Outcome directed
5. Communicaitive
6. Flexible
-clinical reasoning - -Noticing crucial changes in patient status, analyzing these changes to decide on
a course of action, and evaluation responses to modify care.
-How to Improve Clinical reasoning - -Through Simulations and Case Studies
1. Case studies are like stories that impart learning. They are more interactive for students.
2. Simulations give problem solving opportunities with little to no risk to a patient or an
organization . Also good for students to develop priority setting, timeliness of action, and patient
outcomes.
-Marquis-Huston Critical Thinking Teaching Model - -Includes Didactic Theory, Personalized
learning, Group process, and Problem solving.
-Traditional Problem-Solving Process - -1. Identify the problem
2. Gather data to analyze the causes and consequences of the problem
3. Explore alternative solutions
4. Evaluate the alternatives
5. Select the appropriate solution
6. Implement the solution
7. Evaluate the results
-Managerial Decision-Making Model - -1. Determine the decision and the desired outcome (set
objectives)
2. Research and identify options
3. Compare and contrast these options and their consequences
4. Make a decision
5. Implement an action plan
6. Evaluate results
-Nursing Process - -Assessment
questions and answer.
Decision Making - -A complex, cognitive process often defined as choosing a particular course of
action. This is the last step in problem solving process.
-Problem Solving - -Part of decision making and is a systematic process that focuses on analyzing a
difficult situation. This always includes a decision-making step
-Critical Thinking (reflective thinking) - -More complex than problem solving and decision making
as it involves higher order reasoning and evaluation. Also has both cognitive and affective
components.
-critical thinker characteristics - -1. Open to new ideas
2. Intuitive
3.Risk taker
4. Outcome directed
5. Communicaitive
6. Flexible
-clinical reasoning - -Noticing crucial changes in patient status, analyzing these changes to decide on
a course of action, and evaluation responses to modify care.
-How to Improve Clinical reasoning - -Through Simulations and Case Studies
1. Case studies are like stories that impart learning. They are more interactive for students.
2. Simulations give problem solving opportunities with little to no risk to a patient or an
organization . Also good for students to develop priority setting, timeliness of action, and patient
outcomes.
-Marquis-Huston Critical Thinking Teaching Model - -Includes Didactic Theory, Personalized
learning, Group process, and Problem solving.
-Traditional Problem-Solving Process - -1. Identify the problem
2. Gather data to analyze the causes and consequences of the problem
3. Explore alternative solutions
4. Evaluate the alternatives
5. Select the appropriate solution
6. Implement the solution
7. Evaluate the results
-Managerial Decision-Making Model - -1. Determine the decision and the desired outcome (set
objectives)
2. Research and identify options
3. Compare and contrast these options and their consequences
4. Make a decision
5. Implement an action plan
6. Evaluate results
-Nursing Process - -Assessment
