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Exam (elaborations)

Unit 3 Lesson 7- Determining an Equilibrium Constant Lab Chemistry OVS - SCIENCE 101

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Lab Determining an Equilibrium Constant Name: Teacher: Course Code: SCH4U0 Date: March 5th, 2021 Part A: Purpose The purpose of the experiment is to determine the Ksp of Ca(OH)2 using acid-base titration. OHconcentration is calculated from pH and Ca2+ concentration is calculated using stoichiometry. Part B: Data Table Volume of Calcium Hydroxide used Volume of 0.1081 M HCl used Number of moles HCl used Number of moles OHConc. of OHmol/L Conc. Of Ca2+ mol/L Ksp calculated Trial 1 25 mL 10.40 mL 1.124x10-3 moles 1.124x10-3 moles 0.045 0.02248 4.55x10-5 Questions: Part C: ��� = [��2+][��−]2 = (0.0248)(0.045)2 = 4.55�10−5 Part D: % ���������� = [(4.55�10−5) − (5�10−6)] × 100 = 4.05�10−3% Part E: There are many sources of error as % error is extremely high. Various reasons can be: Incorrect mass measurement of HCl leading to incorrect molarity of HCl solution and hence [OH-]. The temperature of system was fluctuating. This will affect as solubility is temperature dependent. Endpoint of the titration mass not clearly observed. Present CO2 in air can react with Ca(OH)2 present in equilibrium in flask being titration, thereby leading to loss [OH-] ions. ��2 + ��(��)2 → ����3 + �2�

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EECS 55 – Engineering Probability
Homework #5
Solutions
(1)
1
(a) c  (1  x
2
 
1
)dx = 1 => c x  x 1 = 1 => c (1-1/3) - c (-1+1/3) = 1 => 4c/3 = 1
1
=> c = 3/4

x
(b) F(x) = 3/4  (1  y 2 )dy =3/4( x  1  x  ) = ¾(  x  x  ) -1 < x < 1
1
F(x) = 0 for x ≤ -1, F(x) = 1 for x ≥ 1

(c) ( )=∫ ( ) × 3 4 (1 −
=∫ ) = [3 4 ( − )] = 0
(d) ( )= ( )− ( ) = ( )=∫ ( ) =
1 1
= × 3 4 (1 − ) = [3 4 ( − )] = 1 5
3 5

(2)
 
10 10 
(a) 20 x 2 dx = - x  20 = 1/2
x x
10 10  10
(b) F(x) =  2 dy = -  = -  1 x > 10. F(x) = 0 for x ≤ 10.
10 y
y  10 x

(c) We are assuming independence of the events that the devices exceed 15 hours.
Probability that a device will function at least 15 hours is 1-F(15) = 10/15=2/3.
The probability that out of 6 devices, at least 3 will function for at least 15 hours
i 6i
6
 6  2   1 
is going to be       .
i  3  i  3   3 



(3)

1 2 x / 2
E[X]= x e dx =
4 0
Let’s assume u(x) = x2 and v’(x) =e-x/2 => v(x) = -2 e-x/2
 
So E[X] = u(x)v(x) 0 -  u' ( x)v( x)dx =1/4( -2 x2e-x/2 0 - (- 4 x e  x / 2 dx ))=
0 0




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